Vocabulary 7 Flashcards

1
Q

consequences of their actions

A

results of what they did

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2
Q

reckless investment spurred on

A

speculation created by

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3
Q

underlying causes

A

foundations

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4
Q

sub-prime mortgage scandal

A

trading bad mortgages

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5
Q

global financial crisis

A

economic downturn

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6
Q

homeowners

A

people who own houses

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7
Q

retirement savings

A

nest egg

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8
Q

unchecked

A

without regulation

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9
Q

tend

A

likely to

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10
Q

exceed

A

over-the-top

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11
Q

left to reckon with the aftermath

A

have to deal with the results

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12
Q

crucial drive

A

important desire

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13
Q

on its own

A

by itself

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14
Q

serve as good role models

A

someone to look up to

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15
Q

inspire

A

encourage

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16
Q

check ambition with conscience

A

control your worst desires

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17
Q

come to the conclusion

A

now believe

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18
Q

retired seniors

A

old people no longer working

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19
Q

left to their own meagre resources

A

have to survive with little

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20
Q

liable

A

responsible/at fault

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21
Q

incentivized

A

encouraged

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22
Q

handle their own finances

A

be in charge of their own money

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23
Q

government backed retirement plan

A

pension/national retirement funds

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24
Q

dire condition

A

difficult situation

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25
Q

deserving due attention

A

worth thinking about

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26
Q

war veterans

A

people who fought in wars/battles

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27
Q

physical or psychological impairments

A

injured in their body or mind

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28
Q

victims

A

people hurt

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29
Q

economic downturns

A

recessions/depressions/bad market

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30
Q

fall on the mercy of society

A

require help from society

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31
Q

wind up

A

end up

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32
Q

soup kitchens

A

where the homeless line up for food

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33
Q

seeking out chronic charity

A

always be in need of help

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34
Q

begging

A

asking for money

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35
Q

last refuge

A

final hope

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36
Q

best position

A

good vantage point

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37
Q

lend a helping hand

A

help out

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38
Q

ownership of one’s own future

A

in charge of your own destiny

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39
Q

decent retirement fund

A

enough money to live on after working

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40
Q

little incentive

A

no reason to

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41
Q

make wise investments

A

put your money into good projects

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42
Q

large sample sizes

A

lots of people

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43
Q

granted

A

I concede that

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44
Q

poses

A

holds

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45
Q

sizeable national risk

A

big possible drawbacks for the country

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46
Q

analogous example

A

instructive similar situation

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47
Q

provide for them early on

A

raise them

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48
Q

take responsibility for their own lives

A

be self-sufficient

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49
Q

coddle

A

spoil, treat too well

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50
Q

spoiling them

A

letting them do whatever they want

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51
Q

fund

A

give money to

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52
Q

deprive

A

keep from

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53
Q

self-reliant

A

independent

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54
Q

mature

A

adult

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55
Q

odd unavoidable case of desperation

A

occasional difficult situation

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56
Q

a degree of balance

A

some equality

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57
Q

allow for

A

make possible

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58
Q

exceptions

A

outside the norm

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59
Q

nurturing

A

encouraging/growing

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60
Q

life-affirming values

A

considering healthy habits good

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61
Q

Ambiguity

A

Lack of clarity or uncertainty in meaning

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62
Q

Claustrophobic

A

Feeling of being confined or restricted in a small or crowded space

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63
Q

socially conscious public figures

A

politicians and popular people who care about society

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64
Q

called on

A

asked for

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65
Q

show greater responsibility

A

take on more responsibility

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66
Q

depend on

A

rely on

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67
Q

extend

A

goes on

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68
Q

ethical management

A

moral direction

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69
Q

operations

A

their business

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70
Q

largely outside their purview

A

mostly not what they are involved in

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71
Q

obligation

A

duty

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72
Q

ethical

A

what’s right/wrong

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73
Q

conducting

A

doing/handling

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74
Q

manner

A

way/method

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75
Q

contribute greatly

A

add a lot to

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76
Q

betterment

A

improvement

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77
Q

grocery shop

A

food shop

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78
Q

living wage

A

enough money to live on

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79
Q

charges fair prices

A

not too expensive goods

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80
Q

keeps accurate books

A

do not cheat/conceal money

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81
Q

taken in the aggregate

A

considered altogether

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82
Q

innumerable benefits

A

great gains

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83
Q

patrons

A

customers

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84
Q

no exception

A

includes

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85
Q

adhering

A

following

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86
Q

regulations

A

rules

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87
Q

moral compass

A

ethical/know what is right and wrong

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88
Q

exact a heavy toll

A

take a lot away

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89
Q

in exchange for

A

for

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90
Q

services

A

what a business provides

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91
Q

societal ills

A

hurt society

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92
Q

culpable

A

liable/responsible

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93
Q

stable

A

consistent

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94
Q

content society

A

happy

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95
Q

lies squarely

A

belongs entirely to

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96
Q

notwithstanding

A

regardless of

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97
Q

private enterprise schools

A

schools owned by businesses

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98
Q

direct contact

A

personally

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99
Q

textbooks

A

coursebooks

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100
Q

bear full responsibility

A

take complete responsibility for

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101
Q

direct influence

A

clear source

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102
Q

sole burden of care

A

singly responsible

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103
Q

in contact with

A

interact with

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104
Q

assume a full burden of responsibility

A

take all the responsibility

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105
Q

free market companies

A

capitalist companies

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106
Q

supplant national governments

A

take the place of governments

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107
Q

re-examination

A

consider again

108
Q

It is commonly held that

A

main believe

109
Q

invasive force

A

negative power

110
Q

viewpoint

A

opinion

111
Q

contributes greatly

A

adds to

112
Q

decision making process

A

how choices are made

113
Q

discerning citizens

A

intelligent, skeptical people

114
Q

properly consumed

A

read in the right way

115
Q

quality decisions regarding

A

good choices pertaining to

116
Q

own interests

A

what is important for them

117
Q

democratic

A

countries that elect their government representatives

118
Q

staying informed

A

being knowledgeable about

119
Q

political developments

A

events in politics

120
Q

harmful effects

A

negative impact

121
Q

advocate

A

push for/support

122
Q

ballot box

A

where people vote/elections

123
Q

general public sentiment

A

what the public feels

124
Q

reforms

A

changes

125
Q

overhaul of policies

A

reforming laws

126
Q

environmental conservation

A

protecting the environment

127
Q

direct result

A

clear consequence of

128
Q

gleaned

A

learned from

129
Q

rightly argue

A

correctly believe

130
Q

trustworthy

A

can be trusted, reliable

131
Q

twist

A

lie about

132
Q

recent rise

A

recent increase

133
Q

verified

A

checked to be accurate

134
Q

retractions

A

taking back what was written

135
Q

unheard of

A

not common

136
Q

frequency

A

how common they are

137
Q

decided consequence

A

clear result

138
Q

reputable

A

trustworthy

139
Q

naively

A

innocently

140
Q

happen across

A

find randomly

141
Q

merits

A

positive parts

142
Q

perceived drawbacks

A

what people think are the negatives

143
Q

reliable

A

trustworthy

144
Q

pertinent

A

relevant

145
Q

understandable concern

A

good reason to worry

146
Q

increased tolerance of difference

A

inclusiveness

147
Q

take the individual step of

A

personally can

148
Q

examining their own beliefs

A

being self-critical

149
Q

pass ingrained prejudices on

A

breed racist beliefs

150
Q

momentous shifts

A

changes in thinking

151
Q

original pilgrims

A

first settlers

152
Q

found new colonies

A

start new states

153
Q

religious freedom

A

ability to worship as you wish

154
Q

worship

A

pray to

155
Q

direct result

A

main effect

156
Q

considering

A

regarding

157
Q

movement

A

swell of support for

158
Q

accepting

A

allowing for

159
Q

sexualities

A

different sexual orientations

160
Q

more perfect

A

better

161
Q

nascent spread

A

beginning to spread

162
Q

full range

A

variety of

163
Q

open society

A

inclusive society

164
Q

closely evaluate

A

watch intently

165
Q

impart

A

teach

166
Q

tolerant values

A

allowing for difference

167
Q

embrace

A

acceptance

168
Q

political suicide

A

ruin your political career

169
Q

question the rationale

A

dispute the reasoning

170
Q

denying this basic human right

A

not allowing a fundamental right

171
Q

alternative lifestyles

A

different ways of living

172
Q

LGBT couples

A

lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transsexual

173
Q

popular culture

A

movies, tv, books, etc.

174
Q

one step

A

one solution

175
Q

utopian

A

perfect

176
Q

inclusive society free of prejudice

A

ideal society

177
Q

diverse elements

A

different parts

178
Q

already underway

A

incipient

179
Q

continued effort

A

keep going

180
Q

resonable

A

logical

181
Q

except

A

hope for

182
Q

generally positive attitude

A

friendly outlook

183
Q

progressivism

A

liberalism

184
Q

very widely

A

major differences

185
Q

proliferation

A

spread throughout

186
Q

single use products

A

products that can only be used once

187
Q

disposable income

A

salary that you can use freely on what you want (not for rent, food, etc.)

188
Q

coupled with

A

combined with

189
Q

environmental degradation

A

the environment getting worse

190
Q

afford

A

be able to buy

191
Q

cheaply

A

inexpensively

192
Q

on a mass scale

A

on a very large scale/affecting a lot of people/places

193
Q

technological advances

A

improvements in science

194
Q

profitable

A

making money

195
Q

demand

A

want/desire

196
Q

burgeoning global middle class

A

growing groups of people with disposable income

197
Q

previous generations

A

past generations

198
Q

household

A

your home

199
Q

over dependence

A

rely too much on

200
Q

fossil fuels

A

oil and gas dug up in the Earth

201
Q

escalates

A

speeds up

202
Q

chemical process

A

using chemical substances to create or transform

203
Q

carted

A

carried

204
Q

total accumulation

A

the amount saved/combined

205
Q

massive

A

huge

206
Q

half century

A

50 years

207
Q

precipitated

A

led to

208
Q

severity

A

very strong/powerful

209
Q

further endangerment

A

causing more risk/danger

210
Q

dire warnings

A

signs of trouble in the future

211
Q

standard of living

A

how well people live

212
Q

so-called

A

claimed/supposed

213
Q

‘throwaway society’

A

society where people often throw things away after using them

214
Q

massive toll

A

large (negative) impact

215
Q

curb

A

slow down

216
Q

instituting wide-reaching bans

A

enacting stops of things across a lot of areas

217
Q

Poverty remains a pressing issue

A

not having money is a big problem

218
Q

one proposed solution is

A

one remedy is

219
Q

provision

A

plan

220
Q

aiming to equip individuals with essential literacy

A

trying to help people read and write

221
Q

numeracy skills

A

math

222
Q

approach

A

way

223
Q

crucial step towards poverty reduction

A

key way to get rid of poverty

224
Q

standalone solution

A

remedy all on its own

225
Q

Equally essential

A

just as important

226
Q

adequate infrastructure

A

good enough buildings

227
Q

trained teachers

A

good teachers

228
Q

quality educational resources

A

good schools, whiteboards, etc.

229
Q

merely

A

just

230
Q

ensuring its quality may result in a system

A

making sure of how good it is can cause a pattern

231
Q

fails to deliver the desired outcomes

A

doesn’t work out in the end

232
Q

focus on holistic educational reforms

A

try to do more overall fixes

233
Q

teacher training programs

A

ways to teach teachers

234
Q

school infrastructure development

A

making school buildings and facilities better

235
Q

curriculum enhancements

A

learning about better things

236
Q

maximize the impact of

A

be more efficient

237
Q

alongside the introduction of

A

with the advent of

238
Q

invested in

A

put money into

239
Q

leading to enhanced learning outcomes

A

causing better progress

240
Q

noticeably higher student retention rates

A

clearly more students staying in school

241
Q

significantly increased access to

A

a lot more growth in getting

242
Q

marginalized communities

A

poorer parts of society

243
Q

low-income backgrounds

A

poorer people

244
Q

Financial barriers

A

not enough money

245
Q

attending

A

going to

246
Q

perpetuating the cycle of poverty

A

people staying poor long-term

247
Q

eliminating tuition fees

A

not charging money for school

248
Q

remove one of the major obstacles to education

A

get rid of a challenge to learning

249
Q

implementation

A

put in place

250
Q

school enrollment rates

A

how many people go to school

251
Q

disadvantaged communities

A

poorer groups

252
Q

encouraging

A

fostering

253
Q

escape unfair conditions

A

get out of difficult places

254
Q

pursue better futures through improved employability

A

have better lives by getting better jobs

255
Q

inclusivity

A

open-minded

256
Q

bridge social and economic gaps

A

lessen differences in society

257
Q

fostering a more equitable society

A

make people more equal

258
Q

strongly

A

a lot

259
Q

offering

A

giving

260
Q

powerful tool for overcoming poverty

A

way to help poor people make money

261
Q

by prioritizing

A

making important

262
Q

implementing necessary reforms

A

putting in place important changes

263
Q

empower

A

encourage

264
Q

reduce poverty levels in the long-term

A

fewer poor people over time

265
Q
A