Vocabulary Flashcards
A measure of the numbers of atoms in an object
a measure of the amount of matter in an object
Mass
The quantity of three-dimensional space occupied by a liquid, solid, or gas.
Volume
A physical property that will change if the amount of matter changes.
mass: how much matter in the sample
volume: How much space the sample takes up
length: How long the sample is
Extensive Property
A physical property that will be the same regardless of the amount of matter.
density: ρ=mvρ=mv
color: The pigment or shade
conductivity: electricity to flow through the substance
malleability: if a substance can be flattened
luster: how shiny the substance looks
Intensive Property
matter which has a specific composition and specific properties.
Substance
Properties that do not change the chemical nature of matter.
A physical property is defined as a characteristic of matter that may be observed and measured without changing the chemical identity of a sample. may change the arrangement of matter in a sample, but not the structure of its molecules.
Physical Property
A state of matter characterized by particles arranged such that their shape and volume are relatively stable. Particles are really packed together.
Solid
Has a definite volume but does not have a definite shape. particles are free to flow
Liquid
Particles are more widely spaced and suffer only occasional collisions with one another.
Gas
A substance in the gas phase at a temperature lower than its critical temperature, which means that it can be condensed to a liquid by increasing the pressure on it without reducing the temperature.
Vapor
Any change that occurs without altering the chemical composition of a substance
Physical Change
Any substance that has a uniform and unchanging composition. a combination of two or more pure substances in which each pure substance retains its individual chemical properties
Mixture
A mixture that composes of components that aren’t uniform or they have localized regions that all have different properties.
any combination of substances that does not have uniform composition and properties; a mixture of physically distinct substances with different properties
a mixture where the components of the mixture are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties. Different samples from the mixture are not identical to each other. There are always two or more phases
Heterogeneous Mixture
Has the same uniform appearance and composition throughout. a mixture where the components that make up the mixture are uniformly distributed throughout the mixture. The composition of the mixture is the same throughout.
Homogeneous Mixture
A homogeneous mixture composed of two or more substances.
Solution
A physically distinctive form of matter, such as a solid, liquid, gas or plasma.
Phase
Any of various mechanical, physical or biological operations that separate solids from fluids (liquids or gases) by adding a medium through which only the fluid can pass.
Filtration
the separating of the constituents of a liquid by boiling it and then condensing the vapor that results.. Can be used to purify water or other substances, or to remove one component from a complex mixture, as when gasoline is distilled from crude oil or alcohol from a mash.
Distillation
one of the essential molecules that everything else is made of. A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means. composed of atoms that have the same atomic number, that is, each atom has the same number of protons in its nucleus as all other atoms of that
Element
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture. a substance formed when two or more chemical elements are chemically bonded together
Compound
a usually irreversible chemical reaction involving the rearrangement of the atoms of one or more substances and a change in their chemical properties or composition, resulting in the formation of at least one new substance
Chemical change
an abbreviation or short representation of a chemical element
Chemical symbol
a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns.
Periodic Table
the name given to a horizontal row of the periodic table.
period
a column of elements in the periodic table
Group
Characteristic of a substance that is observed during a reaction in which the chemical composition or identity of the substance is changed
Chemical Property
A process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products.
A process in which atoms of the same or different elements rearrange themselves to form a new substance. While they do so, they either absorb heat or give it off.
Chemical Reaction
A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.
Reactant
A substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction.
Product
A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.
an insoluble solid that emerges from a liquid solution.
Precipitate
States that mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations. the mass of the products in a chemical reaction must equal the mass of the reactants.
Law of Conservation of Mass
