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AP STAT > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

What is statistics?

A

The study of variability

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2
Q

What is variability?

A

How things are different between one member of the population to another.

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3
Q

What are 2 branches of AP STATS?

A

Inferential and descriptive

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4
Q

What are descriptive stats?

A

Describe the data that is collected. Pictures, summaries, mean median range etc

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5
Q

What are inferential stats?

A

While looking at the data, make connections to the bigger picture. (Small sample of soup represents the taste of the whole pot)

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6
Q

Compare descriptive and inferential stats

A

Descriptive: Explains and shows the data collected. Inferential: uses conclusions from the data to talk about the entire population

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7
Q

What is data?

A

Any collected information (typically from a study)

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8
Q

What is a population?

A

The group that is the focus of the study and is directly related to data collection.

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9
Q

What is a sample?

A

A subset of a population, taken in order to make inferences about the population. We take statistics from samples.

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10
Q

Compare population to sample

A

Populations are like a bundle of grapes while samples are only one grape each.

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11
Q

Compare data to statistics

A

Data is the small increments of information that is collected while statistics are summaries of the data written in a specific form

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12
Q

Compare data to parameters

A

Data is the small increments of information that is collected while parameter helps define how the data is categorized numerically.

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13
Q

What is a parameter?

A

A numerical summary of a population. Mean, median, range etc of a population.

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14
Q

What is a statistic?

A

A numerical summary of a sample. Mean, median, range, etc of a sample.

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15
Q

Dunkin donuts average wait time.

A

The parameter is the true average wait time at DD. This is a number you dont know. The statistic is 3.2 minutes, which is the average of the data you collected. The parameter of interest is the average wait time for all cars. The data is the wait time for each individual participant of the study.

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16
Q

Compare data-statistic-parameter using categorical example

A

Data are individual measures. Stats and parameters are summaries.

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17
Q

Compare data-statistic-parameter using quantitative example

A

Data are individual measures (how many seconds someone can hold their breath). 64, 80, 31. Stats and parameters are summaries. The avg time was 52sec.

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18
Q

What is a census?

A

A sample of an entire population, aiming to get a response from everyone.

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19
Q

Does a census make sense?

A

It is near impossible to take a census of a large population, but is more manageable when done with a small population size (Population of USA vs Math classP)

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20
Q

Whats the difference between a parameter and a statistic?

A

Both are a single number summarizing a group of much larger numbers.

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21
Q

Taking a random sample of 20 hamburgers from Five Guys and count the numbers of pickles. One of them had 9, the number nine from that burger would be called

A

A datum, or data value

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22
Q

Taking a random sample of 20 hamburgers from Five Guys and count the numbers of pickles. The average number of pickles was 9.5, the number 9.5 is considered a

A

Statistic

23
Q

Taking a random sample of 20 hamburgers from Five Guys and count the numbers of pickles. You do this because you want to know the true average number of pickles on a burger, the true average is considered a

A

Parameter of interest

24
Q

What is the difference between a sample and a census?

A

With a sample, data is collected from a small section of the population. A census attempts to gather data from the entire population.

25
Q

Use the following words in a sentence

A

With a sample, you get information from a small part of the population. In a census, you get info from the whole population. You can get a parameter from a census but only a statistic from a sample.

26
Q

If you are tasting soup, then the flavor of each individual thing in the spoon is _ , the entire spoon is a _. The flavor of all of that together is like the _ and you use that to _ about the flavor of the entire pot of soup which is _

A

If you are tasting soup, then the flavor of each individual thing in the spoon is data , the entire spoon is a sample. The flavor of all of that together is like the statistic and you use that to make an inference about the flavor of the entire pot of soup which is parameter

27
Q

What are random variables?

A

If you randomly choose people from a list, their hair color, height, weight, etc can all be considered random variables

28
Q

Whats the difference between categorical and quantitative variables?

A

Quantitative=Related to numbers. Categorical=categories, qualitative

29
Q

Whats the difference between categorical and quantitative data?

A

Gathered measurements that are represented by numbers = quantitative. By words=categorical

30
Q

Whats the difference between discrete and continuous variables?

A

Discrete can be counted (integers), while continuous could have decimal places.

31
Q

What is a quantitative variable?

A

Related to numbers. Height, weight, age, etc

32
Q

What is a categorical variable?

A

Hair color, eye color, etc

33
Q

What is another word for categorical variable

A

Qualitative variable

34
Q

What is quantitative data?

A

Actual numbers gathered from each subject

35
Q

What is categorical data?

A

The individual category from a subject

36
Q

What is a random sample?

A

Rolling dice, choosing names from a hat. Using chance to generate a sample

37
Q

What is frequency?

A

How often something occurs

38
Q

Data or datum?

A

Datum=Singular

Data=Plural

39
Q

What is frequency distribution?

A

A table or chart that shows how often certain categories occur in a data set

40
Q

What is meant by relative frequency?

A

The percent of time something happens. (frequency/total)

41
Q

How do you find relative frequency?

A

Frequency divided by total

42
Q

What is meant by cumulative frequency?

A

Add up frequencies as you go.

43
Q

Make a guess as to what relative cumulative frequency is

A

It is the added up percentages that equals 100m percent at the end of the sample

44
Q

What is the difference between a bar chart and histogram?

A

Bars=Categorical data, bars dont touch

Histo=Quantitative data, bars touch

45
Q

What is the mean?

A

The average we use to calculate. Balancing point on the histogram

46
Q

Whats the difference between a population mean and a sample mean?

A

Population mean is taken from a population and is a parameter. Sample, from a sample, is a statistic

47
Q

What symbols do we use for population mean and sample mean?

A

Mu for population mean (parameter), x-bar for sample mean (statistic)

48
Q

How can you think of the mean and median to remember the difference when looking at a histogram?

A

Mean is balancing point, median splits the graph in half

49
Q

What is the median?

A

The middle most number (n+1/2)

50
Q

What is the mode?

A

The most common or the peaks of the histogram.

51
Q

When do we use mode?

A

With categorical variables

52
Q

Why dont we always use mean?

A

It is not resilient, and is impacted by skewness and outliers

53
Q

When we say “the average teenager” are we talking about mean median or mode?

A

It depends on what type of data is being collected.

AP STAT (1 decks)

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