Vocabulary Flashcards
Homographs
P.4
Same spelling or pronunciation but different meanings
Stalk (plant part)/ Stalk (follow)
Homophones
P.4
Same pronunciation but have different meanings and spellings
Would/wood, cite/site/sight
Heteronyms
P.4
Same spelling but different pronunciation AND meaning
Polish/polish
Phoneme
P.2
Smallest unit of sound that affects meaning
English is not phonetic
44 speech sounds, 26 letters
Morphology
P.4
Process of how words are formed to create meaningful messages
Breaking down words to find base/prefix/suffix
Morpheme
P.4
Smallest unit of language that has meaning. Root word, prefix,suffix
Syntax
P.6
Order of words
Subject-Verb-Object
Semantics
P.7
Meaning of individual words and combinations of words
Lexicon
P.7
Stored meaning and contextual meaning
Spoken discourse
P8
Conversations, arguments, speeches
Vocal discourse
P.8
Practice in pairs using q&a format-gives opportunity to learn structures of discourse and info about the other’s culture. Increases vocabulary and language skills
Short skits that repeat a limited number of words
Allowing time for informal conversations using suggested topics-reinforces speech patterns
Polite discourse
P.8
Empty language/perfunctory speech
“How are you?” “Fine”
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)-must acquire to function in social situations
Language proficiency requires…
P.9
Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS)
Cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP)
And
Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP)
Pragmatics
P.10
How context impacts interpretation of message
Body language, gestures, distance between speakers, seating arrangements, formality of speech, tone, volume, etc
Language register
P.11
How language is used in a particular setting or for a particular purpose
Code Switching
P.12
Using a Spanish term when speaking English
BICS can be acquired in…years
CALP can take…years
P.12
BICS:2-5 years
CALP: 4-7 years
Subject
P.16
What or whom the sentence is about
Noun+Modifiers
Noun=Simple subject
Predicate
P.16
Makes a statement about what the subject is or does
Verb+Modifiers
Verb=simple predicate
4 sentence purposes:
P.17
Declarative (statement)
Interrogative (question)
Imperative (command)
Sense of urgency (exclamatory)
Simple sentence
Independent clause
Single subject and predicate
Compound sentence
Two independent clauses joined by a CONJUNCTION (and,or, but, for, to, yet, so)
Complex sentence
Dependent clause (can’t stand alone-not a complete thought) joined with an independent clause using a SUBORDINATOR (although, after, because, when, since, while)
Phrase
P.17
Does not have a subject and a predicate. Cannot stand alone
Prepositional (in the room)
Participial (walking down the street)
Infinitive (to run)
Pronoun
P.18
Takes place of a noun
- Personal pronouns (I you he she it we him her us)
- Possessive pronouns-show ownership(my mine your yours)
- Indefinite pronouns -refer to nouns in general (any, each, both, most, something)
Adjective
P.18
Modifies a noun or pronoun
Answers the question What kind? How many? Which?
Adverb
P.19
Modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb
Answers the questions How? When? Where? How often? and To what extent?
Preposition
P.19
Occurs with a noun or pronoun-shows relationship between that and another word in the sentence
Describes or shows location, direction or time
Under, behind, up, after, before, down
Conjunction
P.19
Word that joins phrases, clauses, and sentences
Coordinating-and, but, for, yet, etc.
Subordinating-after, because, so that, while
Correlative-both…and, either…or
Conjunctive-therefore, thus, moreover
