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vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

abolitionist

A

one who fought to end slavery

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2
Q

Abraham Lincoln

A

the President of the United States during the Civil War. Southern states seceded when he won the presidency as a Republican, even though he campaigned on the pledge to let slavery continue in the states where it already existed.

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3
Q

Andrew Jackson

A

a President of the US who expanded voting rights an democracy, but was also responsible for the Indian removal act.

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4
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

a leading reformer in the second great awakening, who helped improve conditions in mental hospitals, orphanages, and prisons

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5
Q

Dred Scott

A

An enslaved African American who sued for his freedom and his case was brought all the way to Supreme Court

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6
Q

Eli Whitney

A

The inventor of the cotton gin and a leader in the effort of mass product products using machines to produce standardized parts.

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7
Q

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

A

An organizer for the seneca falls convention, and a leader of the women’s rights movement and the moments suffrage movement

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8
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

An escape slave who became a leading author and a speaker for the abolition movement

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9
Q

Harriet Tubman

A

An escaped slave who became a leading figure in the Underground Railroad

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10
Q

Henry Clay and the American System

A

He wanted to use protective tariffs to pay fir internal improvements and to bind the nation’s economy

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11
Q

Immigrant

A

A person who travels to a new land to live

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12
Q

John Brown

A

A radical abolitionist who was found guilty of treason and was hanged for attacking the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA in an effort to capture weapons for slaves, who he hoped to lead to freedom

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13
Q

Know-Nothing Party

A

A political party the grew up in the 1980’s. It was an anti-immigrant, nativist party, fearful that immigrants would take American’s jobs and change American culture

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14
Q

Lewis and Clark

A

Explores sent by Thomas Jefferson to map the Louisiana territory and to establish contact w/ native peoples in the territory

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15
Q

Slave

A

a person kept in bondage, as property, with no human rights

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16
Q

Nat Turner

A

A slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia, murdering 51 whites before the rebellion caused Southern states to pass very restrictive and harsh Slave codes( law controlling slaves)

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17
Q

Samuel Slater

A

British engineer who broke Britain’s monopoly on factory production of cotton textiles - he built America’s first textile factory for Moses Brown in Pawtucket, RI

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18
Q

Slave

A

a person kept in bondage, as property, with no human rights

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19
Q

Sojourner Truth

A

like Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave who became a leading author and speaker in the abolition movement

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20
Q

Susan B. Anthony

A

an organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention, a leading founder/leader of the women’s rights movement and the women’s suffrage movement

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21
Q

William Lloyd Garrison

A

leading racial abolitionist who founded a leading abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator

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22
Q

abolition

A

the movement to end slavery

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23
Q

canal

A

a man made waterway used for transportation of people goods

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24
Q

Clear and Present

A

Freedom of Speech and Freedom of the Press can be limited if the limit is necessary to prevent a clear and present danger to the public or the national security

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25
Q

diverse/diversity

A

having differences, variety

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26
Q

Due process of law

A

the concept that no person can be deprived of his legal rights unless the state does so in a lawful manner, treating all people accused of a crime equally, and assuming they are innocent until proven guilty

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27
Q

Erie Canal

A

a canal completed in 1825, connected Lake Erie to the Hudson and, thereby, to NYC and the Atlantic ( making NYC the nation’s largest and most important port)

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28
Q

first amendment

A

freedom of religion, speech, the press, Assembly, and Petition

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29
Q

immigration

A

moving frames one’s homeland to a new to live

30
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

a law passed by Congress at Andrew Jacksons request that orders all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi onto reservations west of the Mississippi

31
Q

Industrial revolution

A

the transformation of manufacturing from hand-labor, one-at-a-time production of goods to machine-powered, mass-production of goods

32
Q

Checks and balances

A

a system of controls so that each branch of the federal government can limit the power of the other two branches

33
Q

industrialization

A

the building of manufacturing plants and building cities. It usually means moving away from a rural, agricultural way of life to an urban one.

34
Q

Internal Improvements

A
  • the construction of roads, canals, and railroads to improve the speed and efficiency of transportation in order to build the economy and make markets more national in scope
35
Q

Louisiana Purchase

A

Jefferson’s purchase of millions of acres of land between the Mississippi an d rockies from France, doubling he size of the nation

36
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

the belief that god wanted the American people to expand the United States all the way to the Pacific, and bring American culture and government to the entire continent

37
Q

Mass production

A

the rapid produce of manufactured goods using power tools to produce standardized products

38
Q

Middle Passage

A

the ocean voyage of enslaved African Americans brought in chains to the americas

39
Q

Multi-cultural

A

a society which has people of many different ethnic backgrounds and traditions

40
Q

Nativism

A
  • Prejudice against immigrants and the belief that immigrants posed a threat to “true” American values and culture. Nativists sought to reduce or eliminate immigration, especially from cultures that they believed could not be assimilated into American culture
41
Q

Natural Rights (in the Declaration of Independence) -

A

the belief that all persons are born with the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness - that these rights come from God, not government or the people

42
Q

Nullification

A
  • The theory that states had the right to ignore federal laws that they considered to be unconstitutional
43
Q

plantation

A

a large farm, usually using slavery as the main labor force

44
Q

Popular Sovereignty

A
  • the belief that the white citizens in a territory seeking to become a state should have the right to vote on whether their new state would be free or slave
45
Q

Racism

A

discrimination on the basis of race

46
Q

reform

A

a movement to change a condition in a society for the better

47
Q

amendment 4

A

the right to privacy

48
Q

5th & 6th Amendments

A

Rights of the Accused, Probable Cause, and Innocent Until Proven Guilty

49
Q

Rotation in Office

A
  • the policy of bringing in new government workers when a new President (or Governor) takes office, rather than government workers having guaranteed jobs
50
Q

Second Great Awakening

A
  • a religious revival in the 1820s-1840s that led to a wave of social reforms as Christians sought to improve themselves and society as a whole
51
Q

Seneca Falls Convention

A

– a women’s rights convention, considered the birthplace of the women’s rights movement

52
Q

Spoils system

A
  • The policy where a newly elected official fires member of the opposition party from their jobs and gives jobs to party loyalists and people loyal to the newly elected official
53
Q

Suffrage

A

– the reform movement designed to gain the right to vote

54
Q

tariff

A

a tax placed on imports or exports_ traffics were often placed on imported manufactured goods in order to help American manufacturing grow_ so they were called protective tariffs

55
Q

Temperance

A

the reform movement designed to limit or end the consumption of alcohol

56
Q

territory

A

land owned by a country, but not yet admitted as a state

57
Q

toleration

A

allowing freedom and diversity of believes and practices

58
Q

trail of tears

A

the forced march of the Cherokee from their homes in Georgia to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), during which thousands died of disease, hunger, and exposure

59
Q

Transportation Revolution

A
  • a period of rapid improvement in transportation, with developments such as improved roads, steam travel on rivers, the development of the first canals, and the first railroads. The Transportation Revolution helped to drastically lower the cost of shipping, which helped markets to grow. It took place at the same time as the first Industrial Revolution.
60
Q

underground Railroad

A

a system of escape routes where “conductors” helped escaping slaves to freedom

61
Q

Urbanization

A

the growth of cities. it was one consequence of the industrial revolution

62
Q

Bill of Rights

A

– the first ten amendments to the US Constitution

63
Q

Compromise of 1850

A
  • a second effort to deal with the expansion of slavery - California was admitted as a free state, but a much harsher Fugitive Slave Law was passed
64
Q

Declaration of Sentiments

A

– document written at the Seneca Falls Convention, patterned after the Declaration of Independence, calling for equal rights for women

65
Q

Dred Scott Decision

A
  • Supreme Court ruling that Dred Scott, a slave, had no right to sue in court; and that slave owners had the right to take their property wherever they wanted. The Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and, therefore, there was no such thing as a free state.
66
Q

Fugitive Slave Law

A
  • a law allowing Southern slave catchers to travel in the free North to recapture escaped slaves. After the Compromise of 1850, it was a criminal offense to assist an escaped slave evade capture
67
Q

Indian Removal Act

A

– law passed under Pres. Andrew Jackson stating that all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi must relocate to Indian Territory, west of the Mississippi. The law affected the “Five Civilized Tribes.”

68
Q

Missouri Compromise

A
  • an early effort to prevent the nation from splitting over the expansion of slavery - Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine was admitted as a free state (to keep balance in the Senate) and an agreement was reached that no slave future slave state could exist north of Missouri’s southern border
69
Q

U.S. Constitution

A

– the document outlining the basic law of the land and the structure of our government

70
Q

Kansas-Nebraska Act

A
  • Even though Kansas and Nebraska were north of Missouri’s southern border, the people of Kansas were allowed to decide whether Kansas would be a slave state by voting - the concept of popular sovereignty

History Finals (1 decks)

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