vocabulary

Question 1

abolitionist

Answer 1

one who fought to end slavery

Question 2

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 2

the President of the United States during the Civil War. Southern states seceded when he won the presidency as a Republican, even though he campaigned on the pledge to let slavery continue in the states where it already existed.

Question 3

Andrew Jackson

Answer 3

a President of the US who expanded voting rights an democracy, but was also responsible for the Indian removal act.

Question 4

Dorothea Dix

Answer 4

a leading reformer in the second great awakening, who helped improve conditions in mental hospitals, orphanages, and prisons

Question 5

Dred Scott

Answer 5

An enslaved African American who sued for his freedom and his case was brought all the way to Supreme Court

Question 6

Eli Whitney

Answer 6

The inventor of the cotton gin and a leader in the effort of mass product products using machines to produce standardized parts.

Question 7

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Answer 7

An organizer for the seneca falls convention, and a leader of the women’s rights movement and the moments suffrage movement

Question 8

Frederick Douglass

Answer 8

An escape slave who became a leading author and a speaker for the abolition movement

Question 9

Harriet Tubman

Answer 9

An escaped slave who became a leading figure in the Underground Railroad

Question 10

Henry Clay and the American System

Answer 10

He wanted to use protective tariffs to pay fir internal improvements and to bind the nation’s economy

Question 11

Immigrant

Answer 11

A person who travels to a new land to live

Question 12

John Brown

Answer 12

A radical abolitionist who was found guilty of treason and was hanged for attacking the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, VA in an effort to capture weapons for slaves, who he hoped to lead to freedom

Question 13

Know-Nothing Party

Answer 13

A political party the grew up in the 1980’s. It was an anti-immigrant, nativist party, fearful that immigrants would take American’s jobs and change American culture

Question 14

Lewis and Clark

Answer 14

Explores sent by Thomas Jefferson to map the Louisiana territory and to establish contact w/ native peoples in the territory

Question 15

Slave

Answer 15

a person kept in bondage, as property, with no human rights

Question 16

Nat Turner

Answer 16

A slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia, murdering 51 whites before the rebellion caused Southern states to pass very restrictive and harsh Slave codes( law controlling slaves)

Question 17

Samuel Slater

Answer 17

British engineer who broke Britain’s monopoly on factory production of cotton textiles - he built America’s first textile factory for Moses Brown in Pawtucket, RI

Question 18

Slave

Answer 18

a person kept in bondage, as property, with no human rights

Question 19

Sojourner Truth

Answer 19

like Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave who became a leading author and speaker in the abolition movement

Question 20

Susan B. Anthony

Answer 20

an organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention, a leading founder/leader of the women’s rights movement and the women’s suffrage movement

Question 21

William Lloyd Garrison

Answer 21

leading racial abolitionist who founded a leading abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator

Question 22

abolition

Answer 22

the movement to end slavery

Question 23

canal

Answer 23

a man made waterway used for transportation of people goods

Question 24

Clear and Present

Answer 24

Freedom of Speech and Freedom of the Press can be limited if the limit is necessary to prevent a clear and present danger to the public or the national security

Question 25

diverse/diversity

Answer 25

having differences, variety

Question 26

Due process of law

Answer 26

the concept that no person can be deprived of his legal rights unless the state does so in a lawful manner, treating all people accused of a crime equally, and assuming they are innocent until proven guilty

Question 27

Erie Canal

Answer 27

a canal completed in 1825, connected Lake Erie to the Hudson and, thereby, to NYC and the Atlantic ( making NYC the nation’s largest and most important port)

Question 28

first amendment

Answer 28

freedom of religion, speech, the press, Assembly, and Petition

Question 29

immigration

Answer 29

moving frames one's homeland to a new to live

Question 30

Indian Removal Act

Answer 30

a law passed by Congress at Andrew Jacksons request that orders all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi onto reservations west of the Mississippi

Question 31

Industrial revolution

Answer 31

the transformation of manufacturing from hand-labor, one-at-a-time production of goods to machine-powered, mass-production of goods

Question 32

Checks and balances

Answer 32

a system of controls so that each branch of the federal government can limit the power of the other two branches

Question 33

industrialization

Answer 33

the building of manufacturing plants and building cities. It usually means moving away from a rural, agricultural way of life to an urban one.

Question 34

Internal Improvements

Answer 34

- the construction of roads, canals, and railroads to improve the speed and efficiency of transportation in order to build the economy and make markets more national in scope

Question 35

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 35

Jefferson's purchase of millions of acres of land between the Mississippi an d rockies from France, doubling he size of the nation

Question 36

Manifest Destiny

Answer 36

the belief that god wanted the American people to expand the United States all the way to the Pacific, and bring American culture and government to the entire continent

Question 37

Mass production

Answer 37

the rapid produce of manufactured goods using power tools to produce standardized products

Question 38

Middle Passage

Answer 38

the ocean voyage of enslaved African Americans brought in chains to the americas

Question 39

Multi-cultural

Answer 39

a society which has people of many different ethnic backgrounds and traditions

Question 40

Nativism

Answer 40

- Prejudice against immigrants and the belief that immigrants posed a threat to “true” American values and culture. Nativists sought to reduce or eliminate immigration, especially from cultures that they believed could not be assimilated into American culture

Question 41

Natural Rights (in the Declaration of Independence) -

Answer 41

the belief that all persons are born with the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness - that these rights come from God, not government or the people

Question 42

Nullification

Answer 42

- The theory that states had the right to ignore federal laws that they considered to be unconstitutional

Question 43

plantation

Answer 43

a large farm, usually using slavery as the main labor force

Question 44

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 44

- the belief that the white citizens in a territory seeking to become a state should have the right to vote on whether their new state would be free or slave

Question 45

Racism

Answer 45

discrimination on the basis of race

Question 46

reform

Answer 46

a movement to change a condition in a society for the better

Question 47

amendment 4

Answer 47

the right to privacy

Question 48

5th & 6th Amendments

Answer 48

Rights of the Accused, Probable Cause, and Innocent Until Proven Guilty

Question 49

Rotation in Office

Answer 49

- the policy of bringing in new government workers when a new President (or Governor) takes office, rather than government workers having guaranteed jobs

Question 50

Second Great Awakening

Answer 50

- a religious revival in the 1820s-1840s that led to a wave of social reforms as Christians sought to improve themselves and society as a whole

Question 51

Seneca Falls Convention

Answer 51

– a women’s rights convention, considered the birthplace of the women’s rights movement

Question 52

Spoils system

Answer 52

- The policy where a newly elected official fires member of the opposition party from their jobs and gives jobs to party loyalists and people loyal to the newly elected official

Question 53

Suffrage

Answer 53

– the reform movement designed to gain the right to vote

Question 54

tariff

Answer 54

a tax placed on imports or exports_ traffics were often placed on imported manufactured goods in order to help American manufacturing grow_ so they were called protective tariffs

Question 55

Temperance

Answer 55

the reform movement designed to limit or end the consumption of alcohol

Question 56

territory

Answer 56

land owned by a country, but not yet admitted as a state

Question 57

toleration

Answer 57

allowing freedom and diversity of believes and practices

Question 58

trail of tears

Answer 58

the forced march of the Cherokee from their homes in Georgia to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma), during which thousands died of disease, hunger, and exposure

Question 59

Transportation Revolution

Answer 59

- a period of rapid improvement in transportation, with developments such as improved roads, steam travel on rivers, the development of the first canals, and the first railroads. The Transportation Revolution helped to drastically lower the cost of shipping, which helped markets to grow. It took place at the same time as the first Industrial Revolution.

Question 60

underground Railroad

Answer 60

a system of escape routes where "conductors" helped escaping slaves to freedom

Question 61

Urbanization

Answer 61

the growth of cities. it was one consequence of the industrial revolution

Question 62

Bill of Rights

Answer 62

– the first ten amendments to the US Constitution

Question 63

Compromise of 1850

Answer 63

- a second effort to deal with the expansion of slavery - California was admitted as a free state, but a much harsher Fugitive Slave Law was passed

Question 64

Declaration of Sentiments

Answer 64

– document written at the Seneca Falls Convention, patterned after the Declaration of Independence, calling for equal rights for women

Question 65

Dred Scott Decision

Answer 65

- Supreme Court ruling that Dred Scott, a slave, had no right to sue in court; and that slave owners had the right to take their property wherever they wanted. The Court ruled that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and, therefore, there was no such thing as a free state.

Question 66

Fugitive Slave Law

Answer 66

- a law allowing Southern slave catchers to travel in the free North to recapture escaped slaves. After the Compromise of 1850, it was a criminal offense to assist an escaped slave evade capture

Question 67

Indian Removal Act

Answer 67

– law passed under Pres. Andrew Jackson stating that all Native Americans living east of the Mississippi must relocate to Indian Territory, west of the Mississippi. The law affected the “Five Civilized Tribes.”

Question 68

Missouri Compromise

Answer 68

- an early effort to prevent the nation from splitting over the expansion of slavery - Missouri was admitted as a slave state, Maine was admitted as a free state (to keep balance in the Senate) and an agreement was reached that no slave future slave state could exist north of Missouri’s southern border

Question 69

U.S. Constitution

Answer 69

– the document outlining the basic law of the land and the structure of our government

Question 70

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Answer 70

- Even though Kansas and Nebraska were north of Missouri’s southern border, the people of Kansas were allowed to decide whether Kansas would be a slave state by voting - the concept of popular sovereignty