Vocabulary 6

Question 1

semantics

Answer 1

the study of linguistic meaning

Question 2

What are the two aspects of linguistic meaning?

Answer 2

sense and reference

Question 3

Semantics can be subdivided into what?

Answer 3

Lexical and compositional semantics

Question 4

mental image

Answer 4

a conception of a word’s sense as a picture in the mind of the language user that represents its meaning

Question 5

hyponym vs hypernym

Answer 5

hyponyms are words that are related while hypernyms are more general in meaning

Question 6

synonymy vs antonymy

Answer 6

meaning relationship between words where their reference is exactly the same v. a meaning relationship between words where their meanings are in some sense opposite

Question 7

proposition

Answer 7

sense expressed by a sentence; characteristically, propositions can be true or false

Question 8

truth value

Answer 8

either true or false; reference of a sentence

Question 9

truth conditions

Answer 9

set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true

Question 10

entailment

Answer 10

a relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true, q has to be true also

Question 11

incompatible

Answer 11

relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously

Question 12

principle of compositionality

Answer 12

the notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined

Question 13

pure intersection

Answer 13

relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun

Question 14

intersective adjectives

Answer 14

adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies

Question 15

relative intersection

Answer 15

type of relationship between adjective and noun reference where the reference of the adjective is determined relative to the noun reference

Question 16

subsective adjectives

Answer 16

adjectives whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun they modify refers to

Question 17

non-intersection

Answer 17

adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies feres to, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things

Question 18

anti-intersection adjectives

Answer 18

adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies

Question 19

compositional

Answer 19

meaning of a phrasal expression that is predictable from the meanings of smaller expressions it contains and how they are syntactically combined

Question 20

mutual entailment

Answer 20

relationship between two propositions where they entail one another

Question 21

converses

Answer 21

antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word

Question 22

reverses

Answer 22

antonyms in which one word in the pair suggests movement that “undoes” the movement suggested by the other

Question 23

Wet/dry & easy/hard are considered to be what kind of pairs?

Answer 23

Gradable pairs

Question 24

Married/unmarried & alive/dead are considered to be what type of antonyms?

Answer 24

Complementary

Question 25

gradable

Answer 25

words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale

Question 26

referents

Answer 26

an actual entity or an individual in the world to which some expression refers

Question 27

sense

Answer 27

mental representation of an expression’s meaning

Question 28

reference

Answer 28

component of linguistic meaning that relates the sense of some expression to entities in the outside world; collection of all the referents of an expression

Question 29

lexical

Answer 29

linguistic expression that has to be listed in the mental lexicon

Question 30

sister terms

Answer 30

words that, in terms of their reference, are at the same level in the hierarchy