vocabulary

Question 1

King George III

Answer 1

The king of Britain during the American Revolutionary War. He was known for insisting on royal privilege.

Question 2

Taxation without representaion

Answer 2

A slogan of the Revolutionary War and the years before. The colonists were not allowed to choose representatives to parliament in London, which passed the laws under which they were taxed.

Question 3

the Stamp Act

Answer 3

an act regulating stamp duty (a tax on the legal recognition of documents).

Question 4

George Washington

Answer 4

The first president of the United States, and the commanding general of the victorious American army in the Revolutionary War.

Question 5

Red Coats

Answer 5

a British soldier.

Question 6

Continental Army

Answer 6

formed by the Second Continental Congress after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America.

Question 7

Seven year War

Answer 7

A war fought in the middle of the eighteenth century between the German kingdom of Prussia, supported by Britain, and an alliance that included Austria, France, and Russia. Prussia and Britain won, and their victory greatly increased their power.

Question 8

Loyalists

Answer 8

American colonists who remained loyal to the British Crown during the American Revolutionary War.

Question 9

Patriots

Answer 9

a person who vigorously supports their country and is prepared to defend it against enemies or detractors.

Question 10

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 10

A political leader of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; one of the Founding Fathers; the leader of the Democratic-Republican party.

Question 11

Declaration of Independence

Answer 11

the formal statement written by Thomas Jefferson declaring the freedom of the thirteen American colonies from Great Britain

Question 12

The Three Estates

Answer 12

the three divisions of European society in the Middle Ages: the nobles (first estate), the clergy (second estate), and the commoners (third estate).

Question 13

Louis XV

Answer 13

King of France (1715-1774) who led France into the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), during which France lost its colony in Canada.

Question 14

Marie Antoinette

Answer 14

French queen, wife of Louis XVI. A daughter of Maria Theresa, she married the future Louis XVI of France in 1770.

Question 15

Versailles

Answer 15

A city of north-central France west-southwest of Paris. It is best known for its magnificent palace, built by Louis XIV in the late 1600s, where the treaty ending World War I was signed in 1919.

Question 16

National Assembly

Answer 16

an elected legislature in various countries.

Question 17

Estates General

Answer 17

the legislative body in France until 1789, representing the three estates of the realm

Question 18

Declaration of rights of man

Answer 18

a fundamental document of the French Revolution and in the history of human and civil rights.

Question 19

Constitution of 1791

Answer 19

French constitution created by the National Assembly during the French Revolution.

Question 20

Emigres

Answer 20

a person who has left their own country in order to settle in another, usually for political reasons.

Question 21

Radicals

Answer 21

a person who advocates thorough or complete political or social reform; a member of a political party or part of a party pursuing such aims.

Question 22

Moderates

Answer 22

middle-of-the-road political faction or group during the French Revolution

Question 23

Conservatives

Answer 23

a person who is averse to change and holds to traditional values and attitudes, typically in relation to politics

Question 24

Reign of Terror

Answer 24

a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, in particular Reign of Terror, the period of the Terror during the French Revolution

Question 25

Jacobins

Answer 25

a member of a democratic club established in Paris in 1789. The Jacobins were the most radical and ruthless of the political groups formed in the wake of the French Revolution, and in association with Robespierre they instituted the Terror of 1793–4.

Question 26

Maximillian Robespierr

Answer 26

was a French lawyer and politician. He was one of the best-known and most influential figures associated with the French Revolution and the Reign of Terror.

Question 27

Guillotine

Answer 27

a machine with a heavy blade sliding vertically in grooves, used for beheading people.

Question 28

Conscription

Answer 28

compulsory enlistment for state service, typically into the armed forces.

Question 29

Coup

Answer 29

a sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.

Question 30

The Directory

Answer 30

a book listing individuals or organizations alphabetically or thematically with details such as names, addresses, and telephone numbers.

Question 31

Napoleon Bonaparte

Answer 31

a French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century.

Question 32

Counter-Revolutionary

Answer 32

engaged in or promoting a revolution that opposes a previous one or reverses its results.

Question 33

Napoleonic Code

Answer 33

French civil code established under Napoléon I in 1804. It was drafted by a commission of four eminent jurists and entered into force on 21 March 1804.

Question 34

The Consulate Waterloo

Answer 34

Government established in France after the overthrow of the Directory in 1799, with Napoleon as first consul in control of the entire government.

Question 35

Nationalism

Answer 35

patriotic feeling, principles, or efforts.

Question 36

Duke of Wellington

Answer 36

a hereditary title of the senior rank in the Peerage of the United Kingdom.

Question 37

Tennis court oath

Answer 37

vow by members of the 3rd estate not to disband until a constitution was written

Question 38

Bastille

Answer 38

fortress in Paris, known formally as the Bastille Saint-Antoine. It played an important role in the internal conflicts of France and for most of its history was used as a state prison by the kings of France.