vocabulary

Question 1

Louis XIV

Answer 1

a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715

Question 2

Peter the Great

Answer 2

ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May 1682 until his death,

Question 3

William the Great Elector

Answer 3

Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia – and thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia – from 1640 until his death

Question 4

absolutism

Answer 4

the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters

Question 5

Boyar

Answer 5

a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince.

Question 6

Ivan IV

Answer 6

was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547, then “Tsar of All the Russias” until his death in 1584. The last title was used by all his successors.

Question 7

divine right

Answer 7

the belief that the monarch’s authority comes directly from God rather than from the people

Question 8

Henry IV

Answer 8

King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.

Question 9

War oẁf Spanish Secession

Answer 9

a was fought by Austria, England, the Netherlands, and Prussia against France and Spain, arising from disputes about the succession in Spain after the death of Charles II of Spain.

Question 10

Thirty Years War

Answer 10

European war of 1618–48 that broke out between the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and some of his German Protestant states and developed into a struggle for continental hegemony with France, Sweden, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire as the major protagonists

Question 11

Catherine the Great

Answer 11

An empress of Russia in the late eighteenth century who encouraged the cultural influences of western Europe in Russia and extended Russian territory toward the Black Sea.

Question 12

Window to the West

Answer 12

Peter’s desire for warm water ports to the West for trade, defense and opening up of Russia to Westernization/modernization.

Question 13

Maria Theresa

Answer 13

the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg.

Question 14

Pragmatic Sanction

Answer 14

an imperial or royal ordinance or decree that has the force of law.

Question 15

Hapsburgs

Answer 15

a member of a German royal family, prominent between the 13th and 20th centuries in Europe, that included rulers of the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Austria-Hungary

Question 16

Seven Years War

Answer 16

a war (1756–63) that set Britain, Prussia, and Hanover against Austria, France, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and Spain.

Question 17

Frederick the Great

Answer 17

King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king.

Question 18

Frederick William I

Answer 18

elector of Brandenburg 1640–88; known as the Great Elector. His program of reconstruction and reorganization following the Thirty Years War brought stability to his country and laid the foundation for the expansion of Prussian power in the 18th century.

Question 19

Glorious Revolution

Answer 19

in England, the overthrow of King James II in 1688 that established the power of Parliament over the monarch

Question 20

Spanish Armada

Answer 20

Also called Invincible Armada, Spanish Armada. the fleet sent against England by Philip II of Spain in 1588. It was defeated by the English navy and later dispersed and wrecked by storms.

Question 21

James I

Answer 21

King of England (1603–1625) and of Scotland as James VI (1567–1625). The son of Mary Queen of Scots, he succeeded the heirless Elizabeth I as the first Stuart king of England.

Question 22

Puritans

Answer 22

a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.

Question 23

Queen Elizabeth

Answer 23

Queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603) who succeeded the Mary I, a Catholic, and reestablished Protestantism in England.

Question 24

Charles I

Answer 24

son of James I who was King of England and Scotland and Ireland; was deposed and executed by Oliver Cromwell (1600-1649).