vocabulary Flashcards
Louis XIV
a monarch of the House of Bourbon who ruled as King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715
Peter the Great
ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from 7 May 1682 until his death,
William the Great Elector
Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Prussia – and thus ruler of Brandenburg-Prussia – from 1640 until his death
absolutism
the acceptance of or belief in absolute principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters
Boyar
a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince.
Ivan IV
was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547, then “Tsar of All the Russias” until his death in 1584. The last title was used by all his successors.
divine right
the belief that the monarch’s authority comes directly from God rather than from the people
Henry IV
King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.
War oẁf Spanish Secession
a was fought by Austria, England, the Netherlands, and Prussia against France and Spain, arising from disputes about the succession in Spain after the death of Charles II of Spain.
Thirty Years War
European war of 1618–48 that broke out between the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor and some of his German Protestant states and developed into a struggle for continental hegemony with France, Sweden, Spain, and the Holy Roman Empire as the major protagonists
Catherine the Great
An empress of Russia in the late eighteenth century who encouraged the cultural influences of western Europe in Russia and extended Russian territory toward the Black Sea.
Window to the West
Peter’s desire for warm water ports to the West for trade, defense and opening up of Russia to Westernization/modernization.
Maria Theresa
the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg.
Pragmatic Sanction
an imperial or royal ordinance or decree that has the force of law.
Hapsburgs
a member of a German royal family, prominent between the 13th and 20th centuries in Europe, that included rulers of the Holy Roman Empire, Spain, and Austria-Hungary
Seven Years War
a war (1756–63) that set Britain, Prussia, and Hanover against Austria, France, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and Spain.
Frederick the Great
King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786, the longest reign of any Hohenzollern king.
Frederick William I
elector of Brandenburg 1640–88; known as the Great Elector. His program of reconstruction and reorganization following the Thirty Years War brought stability to his country and laid the foundation for the expansion of Prussian power in the 18th century.
Glorious Revolution
in England, the overthrow of King James II in 1688 that established the power of Parliament over the monarch
Spanish Armada
Also called Invincible Armada, Spanish Armada. the fleet sent against England by Philip II of Spain in 1588. It was defeated by the English navy and later dispersed and wrecked by storms.
James I
King of England (1603–1625) and of Scotland as James VI (1567–1625). The son of Mary Queen of Scots, he succeeded the heirless Elizabeth I as the first Stuart king of England.
Puritans
a member of a group of English Protestants of the late 16th and 17th centuries who regarded the Reformation of the Church of England under Elizabeth as incomplete and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship.
Queen Elizabeth
Queen of England and Ireland (1558-1603) who succeeded the Mary I, a Catholic, and reestablished Protestantism in England.
Charles I
son of James I who was King of England and Scotland and Ireland; was deposed and executed by Oliver Cromwell (1600-1649).
