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Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Analytical Chemistry?

A

it is the art and science of determining what matter is and how much of it exists

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2
Q

What is Applied Chemistry?

A

understanding basic chemical properties of materials and for producing new materials with well-controlled functions

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3
Q

What is Biochemistry?

A

the branch of science concerned with the chemical processes that occur within living organisms.

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4
Q

What is Biotechnology?

A

the exploitation of biological processes for industrial and other purposes

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5
Q

What is Chemistry?

A

the branch of science that deals with the identification of the substances of which matter is composed

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6
Q

What is an Experiment?

A

a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.

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7
Q

What is a Hypothesis?

A

a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.

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8
Q

What is Inorganic Chemistry?

A

the branch of chemistry that deals with inorganic compounds.

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9
Q

What does Macroscopic mean?

A

visible to the naked eye; not microscopic.

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10
Q

What is Matter?

A

that which occupies space and possesses rest mass

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11
Q

What is a Manipulated Variable?

A

a variable in an experiment that you can change

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12
Q

What is an Observation?

A

the action or process of observing something or someone carefully or in order to gain information.

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13
Q

What is Organic Chemistry?

A

the chemistry of carbon compounds

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14
Q

What is Physical Chemistry?

A

chemistry concerned with the application of the techniques and theories of physics to the study of chemical systems

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15
Q

What is a Pollutant?

A

a substance that pollutes something, especially water or the atmosphere.

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16
Q

What is Pure Chemistry?

A

facts and theories of chemistry in their purely scientific relations

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17
Q

What is a Responding Variable?

A

This is the variable that changes as a result of the changes in the manipulated variable

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18
Q

What is a Scientific Law?

A

a statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspects of the universe

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19
Q

What is a Scientific Theory?

A

A well described explanation that has repeatedly been tested and confirmed

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20
Q

What is the Scientific Method?

A

observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses

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21
Q

What is Technology?

A

the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes

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22
Q

What is a Chemical Change?

A

is any change that results in the formation of new chemical substances

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23
Q

What is a Chemical Property?

A

any quality that can be established only by changing a substance’s chemical identity

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24
Q

What is a Chemical Reaction?

A

a process that involves rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance, as opposed to a change in physical form or a nuclear reaction

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25
Q

What is a Chemical Symbol?

A

abbreviation of a chemical element

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26
Q

What is a Compound?

A

a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements; a mixture

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27
Q

What is Distillation?

A

the action of purifying a liquid by a process of heating and cooling

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28
Q

What is an Element?

A

a substance that can neither be created or destroyed

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29
Q

What is an Extensive Property?

A

a property that changes when the size of the sample changes

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30
Q

What is Filtration?

A

the action or process of filtering something

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31
Q

What is a Gas?

A

an airlike fluid substance which expands freely to fill any space available

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32
Q

What is a Heterogeneous Mixture?

A

a mixture that composes of components that aren’t uniform (or you can see the different parts)

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33
Q

What is a Homogeneous Mixture?

A

A mixture which has uniform composition and properties throughout (can’t see the different parts)

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34
Q

What is an Intensive Property?

A

doesn’t change when you take away some of the sample

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35
Q

What is the Law of Conservation of Mass?

A

mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations

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36
Q

What is a Liquid?

A

a substance with consistency that flows freely but with a constant volume

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37
Q

What is Mass?

A

large body of matter with no definite shape

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38
Q

What is a Mixture?

A

a substance made by mixing other substances together

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39
Q

What is a Phase?

A

a distinct period or stage in a process of change or forming part of something’s development

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40
Q

What is a Physical Change?

A

changes affecting the form of a chemical substance, but not its chemical composition

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41
Q

What is a Physical Property?

A

can be observed or measured without changing the composition of matter

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42
Q

What is Precipitate?

A

the cause of a substance to be deposited in solid form from a solution

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43
Q

What is a Product?

A

substance that is formed when two or more chemicals react

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44
Q

What is a Reactant?

A

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction

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45
Q

What is a Solid?

A

fixed shape and volume; not liquid or gas

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46
Q

What is a Solution?

A

a liquid mixture in which the minor component is uniform throughout

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47
Q

What is a Substance?

A

matter with uniform properties

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48
Q

What is Vapor?

A

a substance diffused or suspended in the air, especially one normally liquid or solid

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49
Q

What is Volume?

A

the amount of space something takes up

50
Q

What is Absolute Zero?

A

the lowest temperature that is theoretically possible, at which the motion of particles that constitutes heat would be minimal. It is zero on the Kelvin scale, equivalent to –273.15°C or –459.67°F

51
Q

What is an Accepted Value?

A

value of a substance accepted by almost all scientists

52
Q

What is Accuracy?

A

how close a result comes to the true value

53
Q

What is the Celsius Scale?

A

the scale of temperature in which water freezes at 0° and boils at 100° under standard conditions

54
Q

What is a Conversion Factor?

A

an arithmetical multiplier for converting a quantity expressed in one set of units into an equivalent expressed in another

55
Q

What is Density?

A

mass/volume

56
Q

What is a Dimensional Analysis?

A

physical quantities added to or equated with each other must be expressed in terms of the same fundamental quantities

57
Q

What is an Error?

A

difference between a measured value and the true one

58
Q

What is a Gram?

A

standard unit of mass

59
Q

What is the International System of Units (SI)?

A

a system of physical units ( SI Units ) based on the meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole, together with a set of prefixes to indicate multiplication or division by a power of ten

60
Q

What is a Joule?

A

SI unit of energy

61
Q

What is the Kelvin Scale?

A

a scale of temperature with absolute zero as zero, and the triple point of water as exactly 273.16 degrees

62
Q

What is a Kilogram?

A

SI unit of mass

63
Q

What is a Liter?

A

metric unit of capacity (1 kg or 1,000cm3)

64
Q

What is a Measurement?

A

the size, length, or amount of something

65
Q

What is a Meter?

A

SI unit of length

66
Q

What is a Percent Error?

A

calculation used to express the difference between a measured value and the true one

67
Q

What is Precision?

A

closeness of two or more measurements to each other

68
Q

What is Scientific Notation?

A

way that scientists easily handle very large numbers or very small numbers (Goes by 10)

69
Q

What are Significant Figures?

A

each of the digits of a number that are used to express it to the required degree of accuracy

70
Q

What is the Sig Fig Rules?

A

Non-zero digits are always significant.
Any zeros between two significant digits are significant.
A final zero or trailing zeros in the decimal portion ONLY are significant

71
Q

What is Temperature?

A

measures energy and heat

72
Q

What is Weight?

A

body’s relative mass or quantity of matter

73
Q

What is an Atom?

A

smallest unit of matter that has the properties of an element

74
Q

What is Atomic Mass?

A

the number of protons and neutrons in the atom

75
Q

What is the Atomic Mass Unit?

A

one-twelfth of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

76
Q

What is the Atomic Number?

A

amount of protons in the nucleus

77
Q

What is a Cathode Ray?

A

a beam of electrons emitted from the cathode of a high-vacuum tube

78
Q

What is Dalton’s Atomic Theory?

A

1) All matter is made of atoms. Atoms are indivisible and indestructible.
2) All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties
3) Compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.
4) A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.

79
Q

What is an Electron?

A

sub-atomic particle found in atoms, has a negative charge

80
Q

What are Isotopes?

A

two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons

81
Q

What is a Mass Number?

A

the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus

82
Q

What is a Neutron?

A

subatomic particle with no charge

83
Q

What is a Nucleus?

A

central and most important part of an object

84
Q

What is a Period?

A

horizontal row on the periodic table

85
Q

What is the Periodic Table?

A

a table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number

86
Q

What is a Proton?

A

subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge

87
Q

What is Amplitude?

A

the displacement of a wave from zero

88
Q

What is Amplitude?

A

the displacement of a wave from zero

89
Q

What is an Atomic Emission Spectrum?

A

spectra of light emitted by an element when electricity is run through it or when it is viewed through a prism

90
Q

What is an Atomic Orbital?

A

wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom

91
Q

What is the Aufbau Principle?

A

electrons orbiting one or more atoms fill the lowest available energy levels before filling higher levels

92
Q

What is Electromagnetic Radiation?

A

radiation including visible light, radio waves, gamma rays, and X-rays, in which electric and magnetic fields vary simultaneously

93
Q

What is Electron Configuration?

A

distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule in atomic or molecular orbitals

94
Q

What are Energy Levels?

A

the fixed amount of energy that a system described by quantum mechanics

95
Q

What is a Frequency?

A

Number of events in a given unit of time

96
Q

What is the Ground State?

A

the lowest energy state of an atom or other particle

97
Q

What is Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?

A

is any of a variety of mathematical inequalities asserting a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of physical properties of a particle, known as complementary variables

98
Q

What is a Hertz?

A

SI unit of frequency

99
Q

What is Hund’s Rule?

A

every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin

100
Q

What is Pauli’s Exclusion Principle?

A

no two electrons in the same atom can have the same four quantum numbers

101
Q

What are Photons?

A

particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass

102
Q

What are Photons?

A

particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation. A photon carries energy proportional to the radiation frequency but has zero rest mass

103
Q

What is Quantum?

A

quantity of energy proportional in magnitude to the frequency of the radiation it represents

104
Q

What is a Spectrum?

A

a band of colors, as seen in a rainbow, produced by separation of the components of light by their different degrees of refraction according to wavelength

105
Q

What is a Wavelength?

A

a property of a wave that is the distance between identical points between two successive waves

106
Q

What are Alkali Metals?

A

a group (column) in the periodic table consisting of the chemical elements lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). … Caesium. Very reactive, electropositive, monovalent metals forming strongly alkaline hydroxides (any element in group A1)

107
Q

What are Alkaline Earth Metals?

A

any element in group A2

108
Q

What are Cations?

A

positively charged ion

109
Q

What is Electronegativity?

A

tendency of an atom to attract a bonding pair of electrons

110
Q

What are Halogens?

A

any element in group 7A

111
Q

What are Inner Transition Metals?

A

They are normally shown in two rows below all the other elements. They include elements 57-71 (lanthanides) and 89-103 (actinides)

112
Q

What is an Ion?

A

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons

113
Q

What is Ionization Energy?

A

the amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron, the valence electron, of an isolated gaseous atom to form a cation

114
Q

What are Metalloids?

A

properties that can change between being a metal or a non metal

115
Q

What are Metals?

A

a solid material that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, fusible, and ductile, with good electrical and thermal conductivity

116
Q

What are Noble Gases?

A

any element in group 8A

117
Q

What are Nonmetals?

A

an element or substance that is not a metal

118
Q

What is the Periodic Law?

A

the statement that the chemical and physical properties of the elements recur periodically when the elements are arranged in the order of their atomic weights

119
Q

What are Representative Elements?

A

All group A elements, important

120
Q

What are Transition Metals?

A

any elements in group B

Chemistry Final (1 decks)

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