Vocabulary Flashcards
The Great Dying
The explorers and conquistadors from the New World brought diseases with them that the Native Americans had no immunity to. Perhaps as many as 60 to 80 million Native Americans died from these diseases./This mass dying caused the social breakdown of Native American societies.
1450-1750 : The massive epidemic caused by old world diseases after Columbian exchange. It killed ninety percent of natives..Long isolation from the afro-Eurasian world and the lack of most domesticated animals meant the absence of acquired immunities to Old World diseases, such as smallpox, measles, typhus, influenza, malaria and yellow fever
Columbian exchange
This term has come to represent the mass exchange of peoples, trade, disease, plants and animals that was the result of European colonial empires settling the Americas./This was the first time in history that there was widespread interaction across the Atlantic, connecting the four continents.
1450-1750 : The exchange of plants, animals, culture and diseases between Europe and the Americans from the first contact through exploration and colonization. An acute labor shortage was created by the great dying in turn making room for immigrant new comers, both colonizing Europeans and enslaving Africans
Peninsulares
1450-1750 : Descendants of the original conquistadores sought to protect their privileges against immigrant newcomers; Spaniards born in the Americas (creoles) resented the pretension to superiority of those born in Spain (?).. Peninsulares: They were the highest class in the colonies of the Americas that were ruled by Spain, and had the political jobs, governmental and church jobs, this class had the most power and the most rights and freedom in the colonies. They were born in Spain and moved to the colonies.
Mestizo
1450 - 1750 : The most distinctive feature of these new colonial societies in mexico and peru was their emergence. they were a mixed - race, population, initially the product of unions between Spanish men and indian women
Mestizo
Mestizos were people in the new colonial societies in Mexico and Peru who were mixed-race of Spanish and Indian decent./Spaniards often looked down on mestizos as illegitimate.
Mulattoes
People of the mixed-races of Portuguese and Africans which comprised a substantial portion of the population./Such mixed-race people made up most of the skilled workforce and the supervisors in the sugar industry.
The product of Portuguese-African unions predominated, but as many as forty separate and named groups, each indicating a different racial mixture, emerged in colonial brazil. in colonial latin America Spanish/Africans who were denied all political, economic and social rights due to their mixed heritage of African and Europeans
Plantation complex
1450-1750 : Colonies, such as those in south Africa, new Zealand, Algeria, Kenya and Hawaii where minority European populations lived among a majority of indigenous people – based upon African slavery beyond the Caribbean and brazil to encompass the southern colonies of British North America where tobacco, cotton, rice and indigo were major crops
Settler colonies
Colonies in the Americas, mostly North American, founded by mostly the British that was based on settling down into small towns and cities instead for foreign investments or such things as plantations.
1450-1750 : Colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the religion. Particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America
Siberia
A nation near Russia where Russia decided to invade because of their weakness, landscape and population and eventually sold their people into slavery. They have many resources for Russia such as fur in which the world wanted.
A region of central and eastern Russia stretching from rural mountains to the pacific ocean (The Bearing Sea). It is known for it’s mineral resources and political exile.
Yasak
1450-1750 : Also known as a tribute paid in cash or in kind that Russian rulers demanded from the Native peoples of Siberia mainly for pelts
Tributes that should be paid in cash or in kind to the Russian Empire, the Siberians mostly used fur and sable as Yasak to the Russian empire.
Qing Dynasty Empire
It was the start of a new dynasty, founded by Manchus in 1644 and ruled China for 260 years. During this dynasty the Chinese empire spread its outer limits and bounds and spread out and expanded, they used Confucianism teachings and ways to govern China and rule over them.
The ruling dynasty of China throughout 1644 to 1912. This is the dynasty that helped expand the dynasty North by enlarging the territorial size of the country. This dynasty was originally from Manchuria. No assimilating foreigners bc there is too much interest in expansion and court of colonial affairs.
Mughal Empire
A muslim state ruling from India in 1529 through 1857. It was a muslim minority ruling over a Hindu majority
This was an Indian Empire that was run by Muslims and where there was a constant struggle of Islam and Hinduism. It was started by Turkic-Mongol invaders from Central Asia, and was over run by a single Islamic ruler.
Akbar
1450-1750 : Mugal Indias most famous emperor, marring several of their princesses but he did not require them to convert to Islam. He clearly recognized this fundamental reality and acted deliberately to accommodate the Hindu majority. He reigned in the second half of the 1500’s (1556-1605). He is also a descendant of Timur. He consolidated power over Northern India and is religiously tolerant. He was the Patron of Arts including large mural paintings.
One of the best rulers of the Mughal Empire, he expanded the empire largely and raised taxes, allowed huge culture diversity within the empire especially that with Hindus. He led a major change in the empire which allowed more freedom and almost equal life, Muslim or non-Muslim.
Aurangzeb
The son of Shah Jahan who was part of the Mughal Empire, he did the complete opposite of what Akbar did and wanted to do, he reserved all of Akbar’s action where Islam was preferred and Hindus were looked down upon, he wanted to extended the Mughal empire with his army. He got rid of all religions and was intolerable to them, and Islam became dominant.
1450-1750 : A strain of Muslim thinking found a champion in the emperor who reversed Akbar’s policy of accommodation and sought to impose Islamic supremacy. He was one of the Mughal emperors in India and was also the great grandson of Akbar “ The Great”. Under whom the empire reached its greatest extent, only to collapse after his death.
Ottoman Empire
1450-1750 : Was the creation of Turkic warrior groups; the Islamic state was founded by Osman in Northwest Anatolia. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire the ottoman empire was based in Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453-1922. It encompassed lands in the middle east, North Africa and Balkans with eastern Europe. Then fell after world war I.
Ottoman Empire: An Empire started by Turkic warriors groups who started off with plundering agricultural villages and civilizations and now settled down into one huge empire on Islamic terms. Finally became an empire in Anatolia after the defeat of the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Empire that was there.
Constantinople (1453)
Constantinople, 1453: This was the year when the Byzantine empire collapsed, Constantinople fell to the Turks and now began the Ottoman Empire.
The Ottoman Turks advanced from the West to the East in the 1300’s, they initially skipped over Constantinople. The then returned in 1453 to take down the city, and with it the Byzantine empire. This marked the end of the Christian Byzantine
