Vocabulary Flashcards
Paleolithic persistence
the continuance of gathering and hunting societies in substantial areas of the world despite millennia of agricultural advance
Benin
Territorial state that emerged by the fifteenth century in the region that is now southern Nigeria; ruled by a warrior king who consolidated his state through widespread conquest.
Igbo
People whose lands were east of the Niger River in what is now southern Nigeria in West Africa; they built a complex society that rejected kingship and centralized statehood and relied on other institutions to provide social coherence
Iroquois
Confederation of five Iroquois peoples in what is now New York State; the loose alliance was based on the Great Law of Peace, and agreement to settle disputes peacefully through a council of clan leaders.
The Iroquois League was a loose alliance among the five Iroquois nations that settled their differences and established a council of clan leaders which settled disputes./The Iroquois League coordinated their peoples’ relationship with the Europeans who arrived after 1500.
Timur
Timur was a Turkic warrior who attempted to restore the Mongol Empire by once again conquering Russia, Persia and India./Timur’s conquest was the last military success of nomadic peoples from Central Asia.
Fulbe
West Africa’s largest pastoral society, whose members gradually adopted Islam and took on a religious leadership role that lead to the creation of a number of new states.
Ming Dynasty China
Chinese dynasty that succeeded the Yuan dynasty of the Mongols; noted for its return to traditional Chinese ways and restoration of the land after the destructiveness of the Mongols.
Zheng he
Zheng He, a Muslim, led a fleet commissioned by Emperor Yongle which included more than 300 ships and visited many ports in Southeast Asia, Indonesia, India, Arabia, and East Africa seeking to enroll distant peoples and states in the Chinese tribute system./Zheng He’s expeditions ensured that China exerted control in the Indian Ocean.
European Renaissance
The Renaissance was a reclaiming of the classical Greek tradition that had been previously overlooked. Instead of being focused on religion, this movement emphasized secular elements./The individualism of the Renaissance led to the beginning of a more capitalist economy of private entrepreneurs.
Seizure of Constantinople
Seizure Constaninople (1453) Constantinople, the capital and almost the only outpost left of the Byzantine Empire, fell to the army of the Ottoman sultan Mehed II "the Conqueror" in 1453, an event marked as the end of Christian Byzantium.
Safavid Empire
The Safavid Empire was a Turkish empire that emerged from a Sufi religious order and which chose to forcibly impose the Shia version of Islam as the official religion of the state. Overtime, the Shia version of Islam came to be identified with Persia./The Sunni/Shia hostility divided the Islam world, and the division continues today.
Major Turkic empire of Persia founded in the early sixteenth century, notable for its efforts to convert its populace to Shia Islam.
Songhay empire
Songhay Empire
The Songhay Empire was the largest of the states that arose at a crucial intersection of the trans-Saharan trade routes in west Africa./Songhay became a major center of Islamic learning and commerce by the early sixteenth century.
Timbuktu
Timbuktu
City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning.
Mughal empire
Mughal Empire
One of the most successful empires of India, a state founded by an Islamized Turkic group that invaded India in 1526; the Mughals’ rule was noted for their efforts to create partnerships betweem Hindus and Muslims
Malacca
Malacca
Muslim port city that came to prominence on the waterway between Sumatra and Malaya in the fifteenth century C.E.; it was the springboard for the spread of a syncretic form of Islam throughout the region.
