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Gonzalez Biology (Genetics) > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an allele?

A

The different versions of a gene for a characteristic

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2
Q

What is a dominant allele?

A

The expressed allele when only one of two of the alleles is expressed in the phenotype

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3
Q

What is genetics?

A

The science of heredity; Mendel’s theory formed the basis of genetics

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4
Q

What is a genotype?

A

The alleles an individual inherits

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5
Q

What is a heterozygote?

A

An organism with two different alleles (Bb)

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6
Q

What is a homozygote?

A

An organism with two alleles of the same type (BB or bb)

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7
Q

What is a hybrid?

A

The offspring that result from a cross

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8
Q

What is the law of independent assortment?

A

States the factors controlling different characteristics are inherited independently of each other

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9
Q

What is the law of segregation?

A

States that there are two factors controlling a given characteristic, one which dominates the other, and these factors separate and go to different gametes when a parent produces

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10
Q

What is a locus?

A

The position of a gene on a chromosome

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11
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

The expression of an organism’s genotype

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12
Q

What is pollen?

A

Tiny grains that are the male gametes of plants

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13
Q

What is pollination?

A

The fertilization step in the sexual production of plants

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14
Q

What is a recessive allele?

A

The allele that isn’t expressed

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15
Q

What is codominance?

A

When both alleles are expressed equally in the phenotype of the heterozygote

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16
Q

What is incomplete dominance?

A

When the dominant allele is not completely dominant

17
Q

What are multiple alleles?

A

Ex: blood types

There are three common alleles for the gene that controls this characteristic

18
Q

What are polygenic characteristics?

A

Controlled by more than one gene, and each gene may have two or more alleles. May be on the same chromosome or on non-homologous chromosomes

19
Q

What is probability?

A

The likelihood of chance that a certain event will occur

20
Q

What is a punnet square?

A

A chart that allows you to easily determine the expected percent of different genotypes in the offspring of two parents

Gonzalez Biology (Genetics) (1 decks)

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