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Sociology Unit 1 > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sociology

A

Scientific study of society and human behavior

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2
Q

Society

A

Group of people who share a culture and territory

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3
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Survival of the fittest in society

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4
Q

Bourgeoisie

A

The capitalist class

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5
Q

Social facts

A

A groups patterns/behaviors that hold true each year

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6
Q

Applied sociology

A

Sociology applied in the outside world using the scientific method- not in the classroom

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7
Q

Grand theory

A

Detailed abstract models of how the complex parts of society harmoniously function together- they’re universally applicable

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8
Q

Conflict theory

A

Society is composed of groups that compete with each other for scarce resources. Bourgeoisie and proletariat are naturally at odds. Can change when the lower classes bond together and overpower the ruling class

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9
Q

Function

A

Beneficial consequence of people’s actions

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10
Q

Dysfunction

A

Consequences that are harmful to society

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11
Q

Manifest function

A

Intended

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12
Q

Latent function

A

Unintended

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13
Q

Functional Analysis

A

Theory that looks at society as a whole unit made up on interrelated parts that work together. Each has its own function. Each part must work in harmony. A change in one causes repercussions through other parts of society

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14
Q

Sociological perspective/imagination

A

Understanding human behavior by placing it with its broader social context

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15
Q

Proletariat

A

The lower/working class

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16
Q

Social integration

A

The degree to which people are connected with each other

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17
Q

Protestant Ethic

A

Living frugally and saving in order to invest in ones capital and make more money

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18
Q

Symbolic interactionism

A

Theory that looks at the meaning we attach to things: how we view something- the preconceived notions we have about things

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19
Q

Macro level analysis

A

Examines large scale patterns in society: relationships among parts of society

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20
Q

Micro level analysis

A

Small scale patterns in society: face to face interaction

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21
Q

Hypothesis

A

Educated guess: statement of what you expect to find

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22
Q

Structured interview

A

Uses close ended questions with a list of possible answers

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23
Q

Variable

A

A factor thought to be significant. Independent and dependent- can change from one case to another

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24
Q

Operational definition

A

Precise way to measure variables

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25
Q

Survey

A

Series of questions

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26
Q

Correlation

A

Strength of relationship between variables

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27
Q

Mean

A

Average

28
Q

Median

A

Number in the middle

29
Q

Mode

A

Number that occurs most often

30
Q

Reliability

A

Extent the research produces consistent results

31
Q

Hawthorne Effect

A

Change in behavior that occurs when people know they’re being studied

32
Q

Interviewer bias

A

Partiality towards a preconceived response- can influence respondents

33
Q

Unstructured interview

A

Uses open ended questions for people to answer in their own words

34
Q

Participant observation

A

(Field work) researcher participates in the research setting which observing what is happening there

35
Q

Experimental group

A

Group that gets messed with- independent variable

36
Q

Control group

A

Not messed with

37
Q

Qualitative

A

Observing, describing, interpreting

38
Q

Quantitative

A

Statistics, numbers, measures

39
Q

Validity

A

Extent which an operational definition measures what it is intended to measure

40
Q

Plagiarism

A

Claiming someone else’s work as your own

41
Q

Sample

A

Individuals in your target population for study- must represent entire population

42
Q

Random sample

A

Everyone in target group has same chance of being included

43
Q

Culture

A

Totality of learned/socially transmitted values, beliefs, norms, language, behavior, customs, knowledge and material objects from one generation to the next

44
Q

Material culture

A

Material objects that distinguish a group of people

45
Q

Non material culture

A

A groups ways of thinking and doing

46
Q

4 types of symbolic culture

A

Gestures, language, values/norms/sanctions, folkways/mores/taboos

47
Q

Moral imperative

A

Strongly felt principle that compels a person to act

48
Q

Culture shock

A

Disorientation that people experience when they come in contact with a fundamentally different culture and can longer depend on their assumptions about life

49
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Using ones own culture to measure and judge another culture

50
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Trying to understand a culture on its own terms rather than judge it

51
Q

Value

A

Ideas of what is desirable in life and standards to define good and bad

52
Q

Norm

A

Rules of behavior that reflect and enforce values

53
Q

Sanction

A

Expressions of approval or disapproval given for upholding or violating norms

54
Q

Moral holiday

A

Time when norms are relaxed by society allowing temporary deviant behavior

55
Q

Folkways

A

Norm that isn’t strictly enforced- just annoyed if not followed

56
Q

Mores

A

Norms that ARE strictly enforced because they are essential to core values or well being of the group (usually crimes)

57
Q

Taboo

A

Norm so strong that it causes revulsion when violated

58
Q

Subculture

A

Group with a culture inside the larger culture

59
Q

Counterculture

A

Group whose values and beliefs place it in opposition to the larger group

60
Q

Pluralistic society

A

Made up of many different groups

61
Q

Value contradiction

A

To follow one value means to be in conflict with another

62
Q

Value cluster

A

Values that together form a larger whole

63
Q

Ideal vs real culture

A

Ideal is ideas values and beliefs

Real is what we actually do

64
Q

Cultural lag

A

Human behavior lags behind technological advancements- not all culture changes at the same time

65
Q

Cultural diffusion

A

Spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another

66
Q

Culture war

A

Polarization of society over controversial issues

67
Q

Sociobiology

A

Our actions are based on genetic inheritance

Sociology Unit 1 (4 decks)

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