Vocabulary

Question 1

Monarchy

Answer 1

A form of government in which supreme authority is vested in a single and usually hereditary figure, such a as a king.

Question 2

Oligarchy

Answer 2

A government in which a small group exercise control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes.

Question 3

Autocracy

Answer 3

A government in which the ruler has unlimited power and uses it in an arbitrary manner.

Question 4

Despotism

Answer 4

A form of government in which a single entity rules with absolute power. May be as an individual, as in an autocracy, or it may be a group, as in an oligarchy.

Question 5

Absolutism

Answer 5

A system of government in which the ruler claims sole and incontestable power

Question 6

Liberalism

Answer 6

Political philosophy of the 18th century that advocated representative government dominated by the propertied classes, minimal government interference in the economy, religious toleration, and civil liberties such as freedom of speech

Question 7

Conservatism

Answer 7

Political philosophy of the 18th century that supported legitimate monarchies, landed aristocracies, and established churches. Gradual change in the established social order.

Question 8

Totalitarianism

Answer 8

A political system in which the government has total control over the lives of individual citizens.

Question 9

Balance of Power

Answer 9

A strategy to maintain an equilibrium, in which weak countries join together to match or exceed the power of a stronger country.

Question 10

Capitalism

Answer 10

An economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production, with the goal of making a profit.

Question 11

Socialism

Answer 11

An economic system characterized by social ownership of the means of production and cooperative management of the economy.

Question 12

Communism

Answer 12

A revolutionary socialist movement to create a classless, money-less and stateless social order structured upon common ownership of the means of production.

Question 13

Patronage

Answer 13

The support, encouragement, privilege, or financial aid that an organization or individual bestows to another.

Question 14

Mercantilism

Answer 14

Economic philosophy calling for close government regulation of the economy. Maximize exports and limit imports. Accumulation of gold and silver.

Question 15

Columbian Exchange

Answer 15

The interchange of plants, animals, diseases, and human populations between the Old World and the New World

Question 16

Entrepreneur

Answer 16

An individual who organizes and operates a business or businesses, taking on financial risk to do so.

Question 17

Medieval/Middle Ages

Answer 17

5 th to the 15 th Century. Began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, and was followed by the Renaissance

Question 18

Feudalism

Answer 18

A system for structuring society. Three estates of the realm: The nobility, the clerics, and the peasantry bonds of manorial-ism.

Question 19

Aristocracy

Answer 19

The highest social class in a particular social order

Question 20

Renaissance

Answer 20

Rebirth. A cultural movement that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and spreading to the rest of Europe.

Question 21

Gentry/nobility

Answer 21

A social class which possesses more acknowledged privileges than members of most other classes in a society, membership typically being hereditary. Denotes “well-born and well-bred people.” Connected to landed estates.

Question 22

Peasantry

Answer 22

A member of a traditional class of farmers, either laborers or owners of small farms.

Question 23

Anti-Semitism

Answer 23

A prejudice, hatred of, or discrimination against Jews for reasons connected to their Jewish heritage.

Question 24

The Classics

Answer 24

The study of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome during Classical Antiquity (BC 600 – AD 600)

Question 25

Vernacular

Answer 25

The everyday language of a region or country

Question 26

Iberian Peninsula

Answer 26

Located in the extreme southwest of Europe (Spain / Portugal)

Question 27

Balkan Peninsula

Answer 27

Located in Southeast Europe. (Greece)

Question 28

Baltics

Answer 28

Countries east of the Baltic Sea (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania)

Question 29

Low Countries

Answer 29

The coastal regions of north western Europe (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg)

Question 30

Papacy

Answer 30

The Office of the Pope

Question 31

Reconquista

Answer 31

The centuries-long Christian “reconquest” of Spain from the Muslims.

Question 32

Inquisition

Answer 32

A group of institutions within the judicial system of the Roman Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy (formal denial or doubt of a core doctrine of the Christian faith/Catholicism)