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Roads & Civil Terms > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Pavement

A

Portion of a road designed for vehicular traffic.

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2
Q

Alignment

A

The geometric form of the centerline (or other reference line) of a carriageway in both the horizontal and vertical directions.

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3
Q

Batter

A

The uniform side slope of walls, banks, cuttings, etc. usually expressed as a ratio of horizontal to vertical. Eg. 1:1 or 2:2 (45 degree angle).

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4
Q

Berm

A
  • An area between the kerb (curb) and footpath, or between the footpath and property boundary.
  • Verge.
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5
Q

Datum

A

A defined horizontal or level plane to which the relative elevation of other points may be referred.

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6
Q

Chainage

A

The distance of a point along a control lane measured from a datum point.

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7
Q

Crossfall

A

The slope measured at right angles of the alignment of the surface of any part of a carriageway.

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8
Q

Cross-section

A

A vertical section generally at a 90 degree angle to the centerline showing the ground. On drawings, it commonly shows the road to be constructed or as constructed.

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9
Q

Crown

A

The highest point on the cross-section of the carriageway with a two-way crossfall.

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10
Q

Cul-de-sac

A

A street or road for vehicular traffic at one end only.

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11
Q

Road

A

Link in the network that exits to carry traffic reasonably and efficiently on which severe traffic restraints is inappropriate (includes “arterials”, “main roads”, and other traffic routes.

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12
Q

AADT

A

Annual Average Daily Traffic

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13
Q

AHD

A

Australian Height Datum (determined by average sea level)

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14
Q

RRPM

A

Raised Reflective Pavement Markings (raised safety devices on roads)

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15
Q

VPD

A

Vehicles per day

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16
Q

ESA

A

Equivalent Standard Axle

A standard axle load which has been defined to allow traffic count data to be converted into load on road pavement

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17
Q

LATM

A

Local Area Traffic Management

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18
Q

CBR

A

California Bearing Ratio

penetration test for evaluation of the mechanical strength of road subgrades and basecourses

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19
Q

HMA

A

Hot Mix Asphalt (asphalt concrete pavement).

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20
Q

AS

A

Australian Standards

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21
Q

MRWA

A

Main Roads Western Australia

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22
Q

3 main authorities related to roads?

A
  • Main Roads WA
  • AS
  • Austroads (NZ & Aus)
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23
Q

A rigid pavement produces a…

A

relatively uniform distribution of stress on the subgrade.

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24
Q

Under a wheel load, a flexible pavement…

A

deforms and produces a relatively concentrated stress distribution on the subgrade.

25
Q

How many classes of vehicles are there?

A

12 according to austroads.

3 main categories are: a) light vehicles, b) heavy vehicles and c) long vehicles and road trains.

26
Q

Types of kerbs

A

barrier
semi-barrier
mountable
semi-mountable

27
Q

Difference between crossover and driveway?

A

Driveway is inside private property, crossover is outside it.

28
Q

Stabilization (of a road)

A

Improvement of the soil material by mechanical or chemical means.

29
Q

The 2 types of vertical curves are

A

1) Sag

2) Crest

30
Q

5 types of horizontal curves are

A

1) Simple curve
2) Compound curve
3) Broken-back curve
4) Reverse curve
5) Transition curve

31
Q

Flexible pavement is surfaced with

A

bituminous (or asphalt) materials.

32
Q

Rigid pavements are composed of a surface of

A

PCC (Portland cement concrete).

33
Q

The main layers of a rigid pavement are

A

BASE (reinforced or un-reinforced concrete)
SUBBASE (gravel)
SUBGRADE (in-situ natural material)

34
Q

The main layers of a flexible pavement are

A

SURFACE (bitumen/asphalt)
BASE (HMA and aggregates)
SUBBASE (gravel)
SUBGRADE (in-situ natural material)

35
Q

Austroads classifies RURAL roads into 5 classes

A

Class 1 to 5.
1, 2, 3 arterial,
4, 5 local.

36
Q

Austroads classifies URBAN roads into 4 classes

A

Class 6 (busiest) to 9.
6, 7 arterial
8, 9 local.

37
Q

Which Austroads class is a mini bus or a bicycle?

A

Class 1

38
Q

Which Austroads class is a car towing a caravan?

A

Class 2

39
Q

Which Austroads class is a standard bus or a 2-axle truck?

A

Class 3

40
Q

3 methods used in MANUAL traffic counts

A

1) tally sheets
2) mechanical counting boards
3) electrical counting boards

41
Q

Traffic volume studies are conducted to determine the

A

number, movements and classifications of roadway vehicles at a given location.

42
Q

3 methods used in AUTOMATIC traffic counts

A

1) Portable counters
2) Permanent counters
3) Videotape

43
Q

ADT

A

Average Daily Traffic (24hr count at a specific location).

44
Q

3 elements which define how a road will perform

A
  • vehicle input
  • human input
  • load
45
Q

4 P’s regarding

Dial Before you Dig

A

1) Plan
2) Pothole
3) Protect
4) Proceed

46
Q

How long do responses generally take to give you service locations from Dial Before you Dig?

A

From 2 min to 2 days

47
Q

Location Services:

A
  • Telstra cables (telecom)
  • Sewer pipes (water corp)
  • NBN (telecom - fibre optic)
  • Gas pipes
  • Potable water
  • Electricity/power (Western Aus.)
48
Q

In regards to automatic count method, what data can be identified when the counts are recorded daily (ie full 24hrs)?

A

The peak flow period data.

49
Q

In a dwg, which symbol identifies

a) an existing sign?
b) to-be-installed sign?

A

a) o|

b) •|

50
Q

DIR for 1 and 2 directions

A

For 1: 1

For 2: 0.5

51
Q

Definition of Rural Road (class 1)

A

Those roads which form the principal avenue for communications between major regions of Australia including direct connections between capitals and cities.

52
Q

Definition of Urban Road (class 6)

A

Those roads whose main function is to perform the principal avenue of communications for massive traffic movement (arterial road).

53
Q

Sign types

A 
R= regulatory signs
W= warning signs
G= guide signs
T= temporary signs
D= hazard markers
54
Q

Types of soils

A 
Gravel
Sand
Clay
Silt
Peat (vegetable matter soil)
55
Q

Maintenance treatments on pavements

A

Pothole restoration
Edges repairs
Crack resealing

56
Q

Rehabilitation treatments on pavements:

A

Partial reconstruction
Overlay
Surface resealing

57
Q

Two causes of scouring of unsealed roads:

A
  • Concentration of water flows

- Erodible base

58
Q

Types of surface deformation:

A
  • crocodile
  • block
  • transverse
59
Q

Types of pavement (below surface) deformation:

A
  • shoving
  • rutting
  • depression

Roads & Civil Terms (2 decks)

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