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EEMB 50 Final > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Apoplexy

A

The term formerly used for a stroke

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2
Q

Cerebrovascular Disease

A

A group of conditions that affect the circulation of blood to the brain.

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3
Q

Stroke (cerebrovascular accident)

A

A rapid loss ofbrainfunction due to disturbance in theblood supplyto the brain that lasts longer than 24 hours.

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4
Q

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

A

A stroke where the symptoms resolve within 24 hours.

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5
Q

Thrombus

A

Formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel.

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6
Q

Embolism

A

Lodging of a travelling blood clot (an embolus) at a site distant to origin.

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7
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

The physical blockage of blood flow to an area of the brain, causing brain cells in the area to die.

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8
Q

Hemorrhagic Stroke

A

When a blood vessel bursts in the brain. Blood accumulates and compresses the surrounding brain tissue.

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9
Q

Catheter-directed thrombolysis

A

X-ray imaging is used to help guide a catheter to the site of blood clots to deliver the drugs that can dissolve the clot. (For ischemic strokes)

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10
Q

Aneurysm

A

A balloon-like bulge of an artery wall.

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11
Q

Aneurysm clipping

A

A surgical procedure performed to treat an aneurysm by applying a clip at the neck.

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12
Q

Coil embolization

A

A surgical procedure performed to treat an aneurysm by filling the aneurysm with a fine wire.

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13
Q

Silent Stroke

A

A stroke that does not have outward symptoms

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14
Q

Meta-analysis

A

A statistical technique for combining the findings from multiple independent studies.

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15
Q

Forest Plot

A

A graphical display to present the results of a meta-analysis

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16
Q

Funnel Plot

A

A graphical display used in meta-analysis to look for publication bias.

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17
Q

Vital Capacity

A

The maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inhalation.

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18
Q

Alveoli

A

Final branching of the respiratory tree and the primary gas exchange units of the lung.

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19
Q

Mucus escalator

A

The upward movement of mucus in the lungs caused by the coordinated movement of cilia.

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20
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

A

A genetic disease causing the abnormal transport of chloride and sodium ions. This has many effects but by causing abnormally thick mucus it results in lung problems.

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21
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

A progressive disease that affects the lungs, restricting airways and making it difficult to breathe.

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22
Q

Bronchitis

A

An inflammation of the mucus membranes of the bronchi.

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23
Q

Bronchi

A

The airways of the lungs leading to the alveoli.

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24
Q

Emphysema

A

An obstructive lung disease caused by the destruction of the walls of the alveoli.

25
Q

Black Lung (pneumoconiosis)

A

An industrial disease of coal miners caused by prolonged exposure to coal dust and leading to a decline in lung function.

26
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

27
Q

Placebo

A

A substance or treatment containing no medication or therapeutic value given to reinforce a patient’s expectation to get well.

28
Q

Pulmonary

A

Pertaining to the lungs

29
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on one side of the body

30
Q

Tight Control

A

A method of intensive diabetes self-management that involves keeping blood glucose levels as close as possible to normal using frequent blood glucose monitoring.

31
Q

Tobacco Industry

A

A vector that spreads disease and death throughout the world

32
Q

Type 1 diabetes (insulin sensitive)

A

A form of diabetes that results from the autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas

33
Q

Type 2 diabetes (insulin resistant)

A

A form of diabetes that is characterized by high blood glucose caused by the lack of sensitivity of cells to insulin.

34
Q

Aβ

A

A fragment of a larger protein (APP) that accumulates in plaques in the brain of Alzheimer’s patients.

35
Q

Amyloid Plaque

A

A clump of amyloid proteins (Aβ) outside the cell found in the brain of Alzheimer’s patients.
Aβ is a fragment of a larger protein APP.

36
Q

Analgesic

A

A substance that relieves pain.

37
Q

ApoE

A

A protein coded for by a gene with several alleles. One of its functions is in Aβ degradation

38
Q

Cell Theory

A

All living things are composed of cells and cell products

39
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormality of development

40
Q

Epigenetics

A

The study of changes in gene expression caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence.

41
Q

Euthanasia

A

Intentionally ending a life in order to end pain and suffering

42
Q

Fundamental Axiom in Preventive Medicine

A

A large number of people exposed to a small risk may generate many more cases than a small number of people exposed to a large risk

43
Q

Glucose

A

A simple sugar that is absorbed directly into the bloodstream during digestion and is used by cells as their primary source of energy

44
Q

Glucose transporters

A

Proteins in cell membranes that facilitate the transport of glucose across the membrane.

45
Q

Insulin

A

A protein produced in the pancreas that causes cells to take up glucose.

46
Q

Insulin Receptors

A

Proteins in cell membranes that bind to insulin and stimulate an array of responses including the uptake of sugar by the cell (via the glucose transporters).

47
Q

Insulin Resistance

A

A decreased ability of some of the cells of the body to respond to insulin.

48
Q

Neurofibrillary tangles

A

Tangles of an abnormal form of tau protein inside the neurons of Alzheimer’s patients causing cell death.

49
Q

Nephron

A

The basic functional unit of the kidney.

50
Q

Number Needed to Treat (NNT)

A

The number of patients who must receive a particular drug or treatment in order for one to benefit.

51
Q

Opt-in (organ donation system)

A

Only those who have given explicit consent are potential donors

52
Q

Opt-out (organ donation system)

A

Anyone who has not refused consent is a potential donor

53
Q

Pissing evil

A

diabetes

54
Q

Systemic circulation

A

The general circulation of the blood through the body, as opposed to the circulation of the blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart (pulmonary circulation).

55
Q

Thalidomide

A

An anti-nausea and sedative drug that was introduced in the late 1950s and only subsequently found to cause birth defects if taken by pregnant women.

56
Q

Therapeutic ratio (aka therapeutic index and margin of safety

A

Toxic dose divided by effective dose. (More precisely TD50/ED50)

57
Q

Thrifty phenotype hypothesis

A

A pregnant woman can modify the development of her unborn child such that it will be prepared for survival in an environment in which resources are likely to be short, resulting in a thrifty phenotype.

58
Q

Thrombectomy

A

Removal of clotted blood (thrombus) from the arteries via surgical techniques.

EEMB 50 Final (14 decks)

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