Vocabulary

Question 1

Alkane

Answer 1

Saturated hydrocarbon with the general formula CnH2n+2

• methane
• ethane

Question 2

Alloy

Answer 2

A mixture of metals (and sometimes non-metals)

Question 3

Aluminium

Answer 3

A low density, corrosion resistant metal used in many alloys

Question 4

Anhydrous

Answer 4

Describes a substance that doesn’t contain water

Question 5

Atmosphere

Answer 5

The relatively thin layer of gases that surround the planet earth

Question 6

Atom

Answer 6

The smallest part of an element

Question 7

Atomic number

Answer 7

Number of protons (which equals the number of electrons) in an atom. Sometimes called the proton number

Question 8

Base

Answer 8

The oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of a metal that will react with an acid, forming salts as one of its products

Question 9

Bio leaching

Answer 9

Process of extraction of metals from ores using microorganisms

Question 10

Calcium carbonate

Answer 10

The main compound found in limestone. CaCO3

Question 11

Calcium hydroxide

Answer 11

White solid made by reacting calcium oxide with water. Cheap alkali in industry

Question 12

Calcium oxide

Answer 12

A white solid made by heating limestone in a kiln

Question 13

Catalyst

Answer 13

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but remains chemically unchanged itself at the end of the reaction

Question 14

Cement

Answer 14

Made by heating limestone and clay

Question 15

Chromatography

Answer 15

The process whereby small amounts of dissolved substances are separated by running a solvent along a material such as absorbent paper

Question 16

Compound

Answer 16

A substance made when two or more elements are chemically bonded together

Question 17

Concrete

Answer 17

Made by mixing cement, sand and aggregate with water

Question 18

Control group

Answer 18

A control group set up where the independent variable doesn’t change, enabling a comparison to be made

Question 19

Convection currents

Answer 19

The circular motion of matter caused by heating in fluids

Question 20

Covalent bond

Answer 20

The attraction between two atoms that share one or more pairs of electrons

Question 21

Cracking

Answer 21

The reaction used in oil industry to break down large hydrocarbons into smaller more useful ones

Question 22

Delocalised electron

Answer 22

Bonding electron that is no longer associated with any one particular atom

Question 23

Displace

Answer 23

When one element takes the place of another in a compound

Question 24

Distillation

Answer 24

Separation of a liquid from a mixture by evaporation followed by condensation

Question 25

Double bond

Answer 25

A covalent bond made by the sharing of two pairs of electrons

Question 26

Electrolysis

Answer 26

The breakdown of a substance containing ions by electricity

Question 27

Electrolyte

Answer 27

A liquid, containing free-moving ions, that’s broken down by electricity in the process of the electrolysis

Question 28

Electron

Answer 28

Tiny particle with a negative charge

Question 29

Electroplating

Answer 29

The process of depositing a thin layer of metal on an object during electrolysis

Question 30

Endothermic

Answer 30

A reacting that takes IN energy from the surroundings

Question 31

Exothermic

Answer 31

A reaction that GIVES OUT energy to the surroundings

Question 32

Fermentation

Answer 32

The reaction in which the enzymes in yeast turn glucose into ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 33

Fractional distillation

Answer 33

A way to separate liquids from a mixture of liquids by boiling off the substances at different temperatures

Question 34

Activation energy

Answer 34

The minimum energy required to start off a reaction