Vocabulary Flashcards
Genetics
The study of heredity.
Fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form new cells.
True (pure) breeding
Term used to describe organisms that produce offspring identical to themselves, it allows to self pollinate.
Trait
Specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another.
Hybrid
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.
Gene
Sequence of DNA that codes for s protein and determines a trait.
Allele
One of a number of different forms of a gene.
Segregation
Separation of alleles during gamete formation.
Gamete
Specialized cell involved in sexual reproduction.
Probability
Likelihood that a particular event will occur.
Punnett square
Diagram showing the gene combinstions that might result from a genetic cross.
Homozygous
Term used to refer to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait.
Heterozygous
Term used to refer to an organism that has two different alleles for a particular trait.
Phenotype
Physical characteristics of an organism.
Genotype
Genetic makeup of an organism.
Independent assortment
Independent segregation during the formation of gametes.
Incomplete dominance
Situation in which one is not completely dominant over another.
Codominance
Situation in which both alleles of a gene combine to the phenotype of the organism
Multiple alleles
Three or more alleles of the same species.
Polygenic traits
Traits controlled by two or more genes.
Homologous
Term used to refer to chromosome that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent.
Diploid
Term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes.
Haploid
Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes.
Meiosis
Process by which the number of chromosomes in a cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.
