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The Human Body In Health And Disease > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Contains primarily the organs of digestion, abdomen.

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2
Q

Adenectomy

A

The surgical removal of a gland.

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3
Q

Adenocarcinoma

A

A malignant tumor that originates in glandular tissues.

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4
Q

Adenoma

A

A benign tumor that arises in or resembles glandular tissue.

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5
Q

Adenomalacia

A

The abnormal softening of a gland.

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6
Q

Adenosclerosis

A

Any disease or condition of a gland.

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7
Q

Anaplasia

A

A change in the structure of cells and in their orientation to each other.

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8
Q

Anatomic position

A

Standard position; standing up straight so the body is erect and forward and holding the arms at the sides with the hands turned so that the palms face toward the front.

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9
Q

Anatomic Reference systems

A

Describes the locations of the structural units of the body.

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10
Q

Anantomy

A

The study of the structures of the body.

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11
Q

Anomaly

A

A deviation from what is regarded as normal.

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12
Q

Anterior

A

Situated in the front.

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13
Q

Aplasia

A

The defective development, or the congenital absence, of an organ or tissue.

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14
Q

Bloodbourne transmission

A

The spread of a disease through contact with blood or other body fluids that are contaminated with blood.

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15
Q

Caudal

A

Towards the lower part of the body.

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16
Q

Cephalic

A

Towards the head.

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17
Q

Chromosomes

A

The genetic structures located within the nucleus of each cell.

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18
Q

Communicable disease

A

Contagious disease; Any condition that is transmitted from one person to another either by direct or by indirect contact with contaminated objects.

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19
Q

Congenital disorder

A

An abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth.

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20
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The material within the cell membrane that is not part of nucleus.

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21
Q

Distal

A

Situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure.

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22
Q

Dorsal

A

The back of the organ or body.

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23
Q

Dysplasia

A

The abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs.

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23
Q

Endemic

A

The ongoing presence of a dies ease within a population, group, or area.

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24
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Produce hormones, do not have ducts

25
Q

Epidemic

A

A sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population group or area.

26
Q

Epigastric region

A

Located above the stomach.

27
Q

Etiology

A

The study of causes of diseases.

28
Q

Exocrine glands

A

Secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body.

29
Q

Functional disorder

A

Produces symptoms for which no physiological or anatomical cause can be identified.

30
Q

Genetic disorder

A

Hereditary disorder; A pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene.

31
Q

Geriatrician

A

Gerenologist; A physician who specializes in the care of older people.

32
Q

Hemophilia

A

A group of hereditary bleeding disorders in which a blood-clotting factor is missing.

33
Q

Histology

A

The study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues.

34
Q

Homeostasis

A

The process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment.

35
Q

Hyperplasia

A

The enlargement of an organ or tissue because of an abnormal increase in the number of cells in the tissues.

36
Q

Hypertrophy

A

A general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ that is due to an increase in the size, but not in the number, of cells in the tissues.

37
Q

Hypogastric region

A

Located below the stomach.

38
Q

Hypoplasia

A

The incomplete development of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells.

39
Q

Iatrogenic illness

A

An unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment.

40
Q

Idiopathic disorder

A

An illness without known cause.

41
Q

Infectious disease

A

An illness caused by living pathogen organisms such as bacteria and viruses.

42
Q

Inguinal

A

Relating to the groin, lower area of the abdomen.

43
Q

Medial

A

The direction toward, or nearer, the midline.

44
Q

Mesentery

A

A fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdomen wall.

45
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

Midline; The sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

46
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

A disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting.

47
Q

Pandemic

A

An outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area, possibly worldwide.

48
Q

Pelvic cavity

A

The space formed by the hip bones and contains primarily the organs of the reproductive and excretory systems.

49
Q

Peritoneum

A

Multilayered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place within the abdominal cavity.

50
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum.

51
Q

Phenylketonuria

A

A genetic disorder in which the essential digestive enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase is missing.

52
Q

Physiology

A

The study of the functions of the structures of the body.

53
Q

Posterior

A

Situated in the back.

54
Q

Proximal

A

Situated nearest the midline or beginning of body structure.

55
Q

Retroperineal

A

Located behind the peritoneum.

56
Q

Stem cells

A

Unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time by cell division.

57
Q

Thoracic cavity

A

Chest cavity; thorax; Surrounds and protects the hearts and lungs.

60
Q

Transverse plane

A

A horizontal plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions.

61
Q

Umbilicus

A

Belly button; navel

62
Q

Vector-borne transmission

A

The spread of certain disease due to the bite of a vector.

63
Q

Ventral

A

Refers to the front, or belly side, of the organ or body.

The Human Body In Health And Disease (1 decks)

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