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Whole Body Terminology > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

anaplasia

A

change in the structure and orientation of cells

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2
Q

anatomical position

A

standing with arms at sides, palms turned forward, head and feet also pointing forward

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3
Q

anterior

A

front of the body - toward the belly

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4
Q

aplasia

A

developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue

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5
Q

cardiac muscle

A

muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart

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6
Q

caudal

A

pertaining to the tail

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7
Q

cell

A

smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter

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8
Q

cell membrane

A

semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of a cell

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9
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

first 7 segments of the spinal column: C1 through C7

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10
Q

chromosomes

A

threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction for the body

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11
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone - very end of the vertebral column

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12
Q

connective tissue

A

tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts

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13
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull or cranium

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14
Q

cranial cavity

A

cavity that contains the brain

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15
Q

cytology

A

study of cells

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16
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of a cell - contains the organelles

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17
Q

deep

A

away from the surface - toward the inside of the body

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18
Q

distal

A

away from or farthest from the trunk of the body or farthest from the point of attachment of a body part

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19
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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20
Q

dorsum

A

back or posterior surface of a part - in the foot, the top of the foot

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21
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development of tissues or organs

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22
Q

epigastric region

A

region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper section of the abdoment, beneath the cartilage of the ribs

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23
Q

epithelial tissue

A

tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body

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24
Q

frontal plane

A

any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes and dividing the body into front and back portions

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25
Q

genes

A

segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics

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26
Q

histologist

A

medial scientist who specializes in the study of tissue

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27
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increase in the number of cells - excessive tissue

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28
Q

hypochondriac region

A

the right and left regions of the upper abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs

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29
Q

hypogastric region

A

the middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region

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30
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, decrease in the number of cells

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31
Q

inferior

A

below or downward toward the tail or feet

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32
Q

inguinal region

A

the right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen, also called the iliac region

33
Q

intervertebral disc

A

a flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae

34
Q

lateral

A

toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body

35
Q

long axis

A

imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head to a space equidistant between the feet - essentially the midline of the body

36
Q

lumbar region

A

right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen

37
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back - 5 large segments L1 through L5

38
Q

lysosomes

A

cell organs (organelles) that contain various types of enzymes that function in intracellular digestion

39
Q

McBurney’s point

A

point on the right side of the abdomen, about 2/3rds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip

40
Q

medial

A

toward the midline of the body

41
Q

mediolateral

A

pertaining to the middle and side of a structure

42
Q

membrane

A

thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space, such as the peritoneum that lines the abdominal wall

43
Q

midline of the body

A

imaginary “line” created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves

44
Q

midsagittal plane

A

plane that divides the body (or structure) into right and left equal portions

45
Q

mitochondria

A

cell organs (or organelles) which provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions

46
Q

muscle tissue

A

tissue capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers

47
Q

navel

A

umbilicus; belly button

48
Q

neoplasia

A

new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant

49
Q

nervous tissue

A

tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body

50
Q

nucleus

A

central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane

51
Q

organ

A

tissues arranged together to perform a special function

52
Q

pelvic cavity

A

lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs

53
Q

peritoneum

A

specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera

54
Q

plane

A

imaginary slices (or cuts) made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed through the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle

55
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot

56
Q

posterior

A

pertaining to the back of the body

57
Q

pronation

A

movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward

58
Q

prone

A

lying facedown on the abdomen

59
Q

proximal

A

toward or nearest to the trunk of the body or nearest to the point of attachment of a body part

60
Q

ribosomes

A

cell organs (or organelles) that synthesize proteins; often called the cells “protein factories”

61
Q

sacrum

A

singular triangular-shaped bone that results from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child

62
Q

skeletal muscle

A

muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton

63
Q

smooth muscle

A

muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines

64
Q

spinal cavity

A

cavity that contains the nerves of the spinal cord; also known as the spinal canal

65
Q

superficial

A

pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface

66
Q

superior

A

above or upward toward the head

67
Q

supination

A

movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward

68
Q

supine

A

lying horizontally on the back, face up

69
Q

system

A

organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole

70
Q

thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea

71
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest; identified as T1 through T12

72
Q

tissue

A

group of cells that performs specialized functions

73
Q

transverse plane

A

any of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions

74
Q

umbilical region

A

region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar regions and directly beneath the epigastric region

75
Q

umbilicus

A

navel; also called the belly button

76
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the front; belly side

77
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the internal organs

78
Q

visceral muscle

A

muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines

Whole Body Terminology (7 decks)

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