Vocabulary

Question 0

Calciferol

Answer 0

Active form of vitamin D secreted by the kidney

Question 1

Arteriole

Answer 1

Small artery

Question 2

Calyx or calix (plural calyces calices)

Answer 2

Cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis.

Question 3

Catheter

Answer 3

Tube for injecting or removing fluids

Question 4

Cortex

Answer 4

Outer region of an organ (cortical means pertaining to the cortex)

Question 5

Creatinine

Answer 5

Nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.

Question 6

Electrolyte

Answer 6

Chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water. Examples are potassium and sodium

Question 7

Erythropoietin

Answer 7

Hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

Question 8

Filtration

Answer 8

Process whereby some substances, not all, pass through a filter.

Question 9

Glomerular capsule

Answer 9

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The () is also known as Bowman’s capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

Question 10

Glomerulus (plural glomeruli)

Answer 10

Tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidneys

Question 11

Hilum

Answer 11

Depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.

Question 12

Kidney

Answer 12

One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

Question 13

Meatus

Answer 13

Opening or canal

Question 14

Medulla

Answer 14

Inner region of an organ

Question 15

Nephron

Answer 15

Combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. It is the functional until of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself. About 1 million of them

Question 16

Nitrogenous wastes

Answer 16

Substances containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. Urea, uric acid, creatinine

Question 17

Potassium (k)

Answer 17

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses

Question 18

Reabsorption

Answer 18

Process by where renal tubes return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

Question 19

Renal artery

Answer 19

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

Question 20

Renal pelvis

Answer 20

Central collecting region in the kidney

Question 21

Renal tubule

Answer 21

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

Question 22

Renal vein

Answer 22

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

Question 23

Renin

Answer 23

Hormone secreted by the kidney; raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of the blood vessels)

Question 24

Sodium

Answer 24

Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions

Question 25

Trigone

Answer 25

Triangular area in the urinary bladder

Question 26

Urea

Answer 26

Major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Question 27

Ureter

Answer 27

One of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 28

Urethra

Answer 28

Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 29

Uric acid

Answer 29

Nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

Question 30

Urinary bladder

Answer 30

Hollow muscular sac that holds and stores urine.

Question 31

Urination (voiding)

Answer 31

Process of expelling urine; also called micturition