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Quarterly Study Guide #2 (Science) > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Solution

A

A mixture that contains at least one solvent and one solute.

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2
Q

Solute

A

The substance that is dissolved by the solvent

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3
Q

Solvent

A

The part of the solution that is usually present in the largest amount and dissolves a solute.

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4
Q

Mixture

A

Two or more substances together in the same place but not chemically bonded.

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5
Q

Homogeneous

A

You can’t see the different parts and not is easily separated.

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6
Q

Heterogeneous

A

It is not difficult to see the different parts and is not difficult to seperate.

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7
Q

Solubility

A

A measure of how much solute can dissolve in a given solute at a given temperature.

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8
Q

Saturated

A

When you add so much solute that no more can dissolve.

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9
Q

Unsaturated

A

When you continue to add more solute to a saturated solution

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10
Q

Super-Saturated

A

If a heated saturated solution cools slowly the extra solute may remain dissolved to form a supersaturated solution.

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11
Q

Concentrated Solution

A

A mixture that has a lot a solute dissolved in it.

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12
Q

Dilute Solution

A

A mixture that has only a little solute dissolved in it.

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13
Q

Chemical Bond

A

The force of attraction that holds two atoms together.

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14
Q

Covalent Bond

A

A chemical bond that is formed when two atoms share electrons.

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15
Q

Ionic Bond

A

The attraction between oppositely charged ions.

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16
Q

Valence Electrons

A

The electrons that are in the highest energy level of an atom and that are involved in chemical bonding.

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17
Q

Ionic Compound

A

A compound that consists of positive and negative ions.

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18
Q

Molecular Compound

A

A compound composed of molecules.

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19
Q

Compound

A

A substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a specific ratio or proportion.

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20
Q

Molecule

A

A nuetral group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.

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21
Q

Atoms

A

The basic particle from which all elements are made; the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element.

22
Q

Isotopes

A

An atom with the same number of protons and a different number of nuetrons from other atoms of the same element.

23
Q

Atomic Mass

A

The average mass of all the isotopes in an element.

24
Q

Mass Number

A

The sum of protons and nuetrons in the nucleus of an atom.

25
Q

Negative Ion

A

The element that gains elements to get a complete shell is a negative ion.

26
Q

Ion

A

An atom or group of atoms that has become electronically charged.

27
Q

Anion

A

Cation

28
Q

Chemical reactions

A

A process in which substances change into new substances with different properties

29
Q

Endothermic

A

An reaction that absorbs energy.

30
Q

Exothermic Reaction

A

Reaction that releases energy, usually in the form of heat.

31
Q

Activation energy

A

The minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

32
Q

Types of reactions

A

There are four types of reactions.

33
Q

Synthesis

A

A chemical reaction in which two or more simple substances combine to form a new more complex substance.

34
Q

Decomposition

A

A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products.

35
Q

Single replacement

A

When one element switches with another

36
Q

Double replacement

A

When two elements switch places with each other.

37
Q

Combustion

A

The products would be water and carbon dioxide.

38
Q

Law of conservation of mass

A

The principle that the amount of matter is neither created nor destroyed during any chemical or physical change

39
Q

Inhibitor

A

A material that decreases the rate of a reaction.

40
Q

Chemical formulas

A

Symbols that show the elements in a compound and the ratio of atoms

41
Q

Subscripts

A

A number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound

42
Q

Coefficients

A

A number in front of a chemical formula and equation that indicates how many molecules or atoms each reaction and product are involved in an action

43
Q

Reactants

A

A substance that enters into a chemical reaction.

44
Q

Products

A

A substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

45
Q

Acid

A

A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus red.

46
Q

Bases

A

A substance that taste bitter, feels slippery, and turns red that turns red litmus paper blue

47
Q

Indicator

A

A compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base.

48
Q

Hydrogen ion

A

A positively charged ion formed of a hydrogen ion that has lost its electrons.

49
Q

Hydroxide ion

A

A negatively charged ion made of oxygen and hydrogen.

50
Q

pH scale

A

A range of values that is used to indicate how acidic or basic a substance is; Expresses the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

Quarterly Study Guide #2 (Science) (1 decks)

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