Vocabulary

Question 1

Uniform Motion

Answer 1

motion at a constant speed in a straight line

Question 2

State of uniform motion

Answer 2

An object moving with uniform motion

Question 3

Force

Answer 3

A push or a pull, exerted by one object on another

Question 4

Velocity

Answer 4

State of motion of an object. Speed combined with its direction of motion

Question 5

Acceleration

Answer 5

a CHANGE in an object’s velocity

Question 6

Centripetal acceleration

Answer 6

Acceleration at a right angle to an object’s direction without changing its speed

Question 7

Net force

Answer 7

Total force acting on an object

Question 8

Unbalanced forces

Answer 8

The amount of any force that is not cancelled out by other, competing force. This causes acceleration

Question 9

Weight

Answer 9

A measure of the force of Gravity on a particular mass

Question 10

Newton’s First law of Motion

Answer 10

Every object at rest, or in uniform motion, will remain in that state of motion unless compelled to do otherwise by forces acting upon it

Question 11

Newton’s Second law of Motion

Answer 11

Force = mass x acceleration. The acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the (net) force on it and inversely proportional to its mass.

Question 12

Newton’s Third law of Motion

Answer 12

Forces occur only when TWO things interact with each other

Question 13

Hypothesis

Answer 13

Usually a ‘first guess,’ a reason conjecture about what might be happening, based on intuition and limited knowledge at hand.

Question 14

Theory

Answer 14

Hypothesis is refined, focused, ans possibly combined with other hypotheses after sufficient testing

Question 15

Laws

Answer 15

Theories that have been proved accurate and never witnessed to be contradicted

Question 16

Models

Answer 16

Schematic descriptions of physical systems. Formed based upon laws, theories, and hypotheses

Question 17

Six “Self Evident Truths”

Answer 17

Existence, Causality, Position Symmetry, Time Symmetry, Principle of Noncontradiction, Occam’s Razor. Set of assumptions or rules used to evaluate our knowledge

Question 18

Existence

Answer 18

There exist a physical world separate and distinct from our minds that is comprehensible through our senses. This world is governed by certain generalities called the “laws of nature”

Question 19

Causality

Answer 19

Events in the physical universe have natural causes. Causes precede the events in time and can be explained rationally in terms of the laws of nature

Question 20

Position Symmetry

Answer 20

The laws of nature are the same everywhere

Question 21

Time Symmetry

Answer 21

The laws of nature have remained he same through time. They are the same now as they are in the distant past, they will be the future.

Question 22

Principle of Noncontradiction

Answer 22

Of two contradictory propositions, both cannot be true

Question 23

Occam’s Razor

Answer 23

If alternative explanations of any phenomenon are available, where each are logical and explain the phenomenon equally well, then the simplest explanation shall be chosen. Explanatory principles or factors are nto to be multiplied beyond necessity. On the other hand, explanations cannot be too simple; they must adequately explain the available data

Question 24

4 interactions in nature

Answer 24

Strong Nuclear, Electromagnetic, Weak Nuclear, Gravity

Question 25

Atomic nuclei

Answer 25

comprised of Protons and Neutrons. Protons and Neutrons are together called nucleons since they are found in the nucleus of an atom

Question 26

Quarks

Answer 26

Fundamental particles that make up protons and neutrons

Question 27

Radioactive nuclei

Answer 27

Susceptible to being changed or broken apart under the influence of the various forces

Question 28

Electrons

Answer 28

Surround atomic nuclei and held in place by their attraction to the nuclear protons

Question 29

Atoms

Answer 29

Electrons and nuclei bound together

Question 30

Molecules

Answer 30

Atoms joined together in a small group

Question 31

Solar System

Answer 31

Consisit of sun, eight planets and their moons, dwarf planets, thousands of asteroids, comets, a ton or small pieces of rock and ice

Question 32

Second law of Motion (formula)

Answer 32

F = ma

Question 33

Law of Gravity

Answer 33

Every object in the universe attracts every other object by a long-range gravitational interaction that obeys Newton’s Third Law. The strength of the attractive force, F, varies with the masses, M and m, of the two objects and distance, d, between their centers according to the relationship
F = GmM/d²

Question 34

General Theory of Relativity

Answer 34

Geometric theory of gravitation published by Einstein.