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Flow Of Genetic Information From DNA to RNA to Protein > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

Mutagen

A

Chemical/physical agent that interacts with DNA and causes mutation

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1
Q

Mutation

A

Change in nucleotide sequence of DNA- major source of genetic diversity.

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2
Q

Nucleotide

A

Building block of nucleic acid

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3
Q

Stop Codon

A

In mRNA, 1 of 3 triplets (UAG, UAA, UGA)

Signal gene translation to stop

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4
Q

Start Codon

A

On mRNA, specific codon (AUG) where initiator tRNA binds to- starts translation

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5
Q

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

A

Ribonucleic acid that, together with proteins, makes up ribosomes
must abundant type of RNA

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6
Q

Anticodon

A

Triplet of bases that is complementary to a codon triplet of mRNA

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7
Q

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

Molecular interpreter-helps convert codons of nucleic acids to amino acid words of proteins

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8
Q

RNA Splicing ☑️

A

Removal of introns and joining of exons in eukaryotic RNA, forming an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence.

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9
Q

Exons

A

Coding regions- parts of gene being expressed-

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10
Q

Introns

A

Internal, noncoding regions

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11
Q

Cap and Tail

A

Addition to end of RNA and protects from attack by cellular enzymes and helps ribosomes recognize RNA as mRNA

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12
Q

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

Molecule that is translated into a protein

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13
Q

Terminator

A

Sequence of based that signals the end of a gene

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14
Q

Promoter ☑️

A

Nucleotide sequence.
“Start-transcribing” signal.
Specific place where RNA promoter attaches.

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15
Q

RNA Polymerase ☑️

A

Transcription enzyme (Links RNA nucleotides)

16
Q

Genetic Code ☑️

A

Set of rules that convert a nucleotide sequence in RNA to an amino acid sequence.

17
Q

Codons

A

Series of 3-base words

DNA/RNA amino acid sequence of polypeptide chain

18
Q

Translation

A

Transfer of information from RNA into a protein.

19
Q

Transcription

A

Transfer of genetic information from DNA into an RNA molecule.

Flow Of Genetic Information From DNA to RNA to Protein (2 decks)

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