Vocabulary

Question 0

Social contract

Answer 0

The concept that an entire society agrees to be governed by its general will and all individuals should be forced to abide by it since it represents what is best for the entire community

Question 1

Absolute Monarch

Answer 1

form of government in which the monarch has absolute power among his or her people

Question 2

Rationalism

Answer 2

A system of thought expounded by René Descartes based on the belief that reason is the chief source of knowledge

Question 3

Separation of powers

Answer 3

A form of government in which the executive, legislative, and judicial branches limit and control each other through a system of checks and balances

Question 4

Scientific method

Answer 4

A systematic procedure for collecting and analyzing evidence that was crucial to the evolution of science in the modern world

Question 5

Bourgeoise

Answer 5

The middle class, including merchants, industrialists, and professional people

Question 6

Nationalism

Answer 6

The unique cultural identity of a people based on common language, religion, and national symbols

Question 7

Conservatism

Answer 7

A political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized religion

Question 8

Liberalism

Answer 8

A political philosophy originally based largely on Enlightenment principles, holding that people should be as free as possible from government restraint and that civil liberties-that basic rights of all people-should be protected

Question 9

Suffrage

Answer 9

The right to vote, especially in political elections

Question 10

Cash crop

Answer 10

A crop that is grown for sale rather than for personal use

Question 11

Entrepreneur

Answer 11

A person who finds new business opportunities and new ways to make profit

Question 12

Cottage industry

Answer 12

A method of production in which tasks are done by individuals in their rural homes

Question 13

Deficit spending

Answer 13

government spending, in excess of revenue, of funds raised by borrowing rather than from taxation.

Question 14

Urbanization

Answer 14

The movement of people from rural to urban areas

Question 15

Abolitionism

Answer 15

A movement to end slavery

Question 16

Militarism

Answer 16

The reliance on military strength

Question 17

Kaiser

Answer 17

German for “Caesar”; the title of the emperors of the second German Empire

Question 18

Plebiscite

Answer 18

A popular vote

Question 19

Peninsular

Answer 19

A person born on the Liberian peninsular; typically, a Spanish or Portuguese officially who resided temporarily in Latin America for political and economic gain and then returned to Europe

Question 20

Proletariat

Answer 20

The working class

Question 21

Assembly line

Answer 21

Pioneered by Henry Ford in 1913, a manufacturing method that allowed much more efficient mass production of goods

Question 22

Mass production

Answer 22

Production of goods in quantity usually by machinery

Question 23

Duma

Answer 23

The Russian legislative assembly

Question 24

Zionism

Answer 24

An international movement originally for the establishment of a Jewish national homeland in Palestine, where ancient Israel was located, and later for the support of modern Israel

Question 25

Imperialism

Answer 25

The extension of a nation’s power over other lands

Question 26

Protectorate

Answer 26

A political unit that depends on another government for its protection

Question 27

Sphere of influence

Answer 27

Areas in which foreign power have been granted exclusive rights and privileges, such as trading trading rights and mining privileges

Question 28

Indirect rule

Answer 28

A colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to to maintain their positions of authority and status

Question 29

Annex

Answer 29

To incorporate into an existing political unit, such as a city or country

Question 30

Viceroy

Answer 30

A governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch

Question 31

Dollar diplomacy

Answer 31

Diplomacy that seeks to strengthen the power of a country or effects its purposes in for foreign relations by the use of its financial resources

Question 32

Extraterritoriality

Answer 32

Living in a section of a country set aside for foreigner’s but not subject to the host country’s laws

Question 33

Indemnity

Answer 33

The payment for damages

Question 34

Provincial

Answer 34

Local; of or relating to a province

Question 35

Concession

Answer 35

A political compromise

Question 36

Prefecture

Answer 36

In the Japanese Meiji Restoration, a territory governed by its former daimyo lord