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Art History > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Iconic

A

representation, of the church, an object, etc

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2
Q

Convention

A

traditions followed to communicate to the viewer quickly and clearly. often includes religious figures. ex- Mary wears blue.

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3
Q

Fresco

A

Type of painting done on a wall using water and pigment onto wet plaster.

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4
Q

Tempera

A

widely available commercial paint.

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5
Q

Illustrated Manuscript

A

Bible decorated with borders, illustrations and color. intended for individual or personal use.

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6
Q

Triptych

A

set of three panels of art painted and set side by side. often with similar subjects.

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7
Q

Oil painting

A

act of using oil based paint to paint.

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8
Q

Altarpiece

A

piece painted typically in oil paints with religious references. Used as an altarpiece in a church.

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9
Q

Donors

A

person who donates money to the artist for a work.

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10
Q

Classical

A

of or relating to the greek and roman art

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11
Q

Humanism

A

Belief that man is the center of the universe and in control. Geometry and symmetry is important. Not depicting a believable human body.

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12
Q

Lost-wax casting

A

Process by which multiple bronze (or silver, gold, etc) sculptures are cast from an original sculpture.

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13
Q

Gilt-bronze

A

Term for when finely ground, high-carat gold is applied to a bronze sculpture.

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14
Q

Contraposto

A

Italian for counter balance; when a subject is leaning on one leg rather than standing straight. Seen in sculptures and paintings.

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15
Q

Bas-relief

A

Sculpture technique in which the subjects are barely more prominent than the (overall flat) background.

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16
Q

Linear Perspective

A

Means for creating perspective in a painting. creates the illusion of space and distance on a 2d surface through the use of a horizon/vanishing point.

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17
Q

Vanishing point

A

The point in linear perspective where two receding parallel lines appear to converge.

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18
Q

Atmospheric Perspective

A

use of color and shading to create realistic images in a 2d piece. Foreground being brown, middle-ground green, background blue. Colors fade as they get farther away.

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19
Q

Medici

A

very wealthy family in Italy who commissioned many paintings

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20
Q

Foreshortening

A

made an object smaller or distorted to convey the illusion of 3d space.

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21
Q

Trompe l’œil

A

meaning “trick of the eye” in french, uses realistic imagery to create an optical illusion.

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22
Q

Chiaroscuro

A

Painting technique in which there is strong contrast between light and dark.

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23
Q

sfumato

A

Chiaroscuro technique in which the painting looks almost smoky. without lines or borders.

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24
Q

Painterly

A

painting technique in which artists focus more on visible brushstrokes, complementary and contrasting colors, applied in a less than controlled manner, opposite of linear, not following drawn out lines.

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25
Q

Impasto

A

technique in which paint is thickly applied to the surface, and when dry provides texture to the canvas. Brushstrokes are often visible.

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26
Q

Palladian Window

A

style of architecture in which a central light with a semicircle arch rests above two pilasters.
Ex: Villa Rotonda

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27
Q

Engraving

A

practice of carving a design into a hard, usually flat surface, which is then used to print for artist advertising.
Ex: Adam and Eve

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28
Q

Tenebrism

A

extreme chiaroscuro, used to tell a story, bright whites and very dark blacks.
Ex: The Calling of St. Matthew

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29
Q

Bel Composto

A

“Beautiful Composition” painting, sculpture and architecture that flows nicely and blends together.
Ex: Coronaro Chapel

30
Q

Paragone

A

Competition or comparison between artists for the more powerful work of art
Ex: David by Bernini vs. David by Michelangelo

31
Q

Polychrome

A

Practice of decorating architecture, sculptures etc, with colors.
Ex: St. John of the Cross.

32
Q

Mansard Roof

A

Four-sided roof with windows allowing for extra habitable space.
Ex: Palace of Versailles

33
Q

Etching

A

process of using strong acid to cut into unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design.

34
Q

Genre Painting

A

Painting of everyday life. People doing everyday activities.

Ex: The Bean Eater

35
Q

Camera obscura

A

Practice of using a pinhole camera to reflect light and trace the outline before painting it.

36
Q

fête-galante

A

Category of painting meaning “elegant party” in which the subjects are dressed well and disporting themselves in parkland settings.

37
Q

Neo-classicism

A

western art movements that draw from classical art and culture. landscape must suggest that nature is superior, no emotions, everything must have a purpose, everything is perfect.

38
Q

Salon

A

Art exhibits (Salon de Paris in France) that display elite artist’s works of art.

39
Q

Sublime

A

very beautiful, awe-inspiring, or incapable of comprehending.
Ex: Nature

40
Q

Orientalism

A

The belief that anything beyond Europe was “oriental”. The women were said to be more beautiful, but less morally developed.

41
Q

Academic art

A

Art influenced and structured by academies. artists taught by french academies following their instruction.

42
Q

Realism/Naturalism

A

representing subject matter truthfully, may emphasize the ugly, and avoids stylization.

43
Q

Daguerreotype

A

The first publically announced photography process

44
Q

Salon des Refusés

A

Art gallery in which all rejected (or those not conventional) artists placed their artwork.

45
Q

Impressionism

A

style in which there are unusual visual angles, visible brushstrokes, open composition with ordinary subject matter.

46
Q

Optical Color

A

when the eyes blend together colors next to each other to create a new color

47
Q

Complementary color

A

a color that is opposite of another on the color wheel. e.g: red- green, yellow- purple

48
Q

Pointillism

A

art technique in which dots of color are closely applied and the eye perceives them as the different colors mixed.

49
Q

Lithography

A

method of printing using etching and acid onto metal or lithographic limestone to print a piece of art.

50
Q

Abstraction

A

trend in art attempting to break away from traditional representation of physical objects

51
Q

Fauvism

A

art movement based out of France that placed emphasis on painterly qualities, and strong, unnatural vivid colors

52
Q

Collage

A

technique in which an assemblage of various items, and mediums are combined to make a new whole

53
Q

Cubism

A

art movement that looked at objects from more than one perspective and analyzed and re-assembled it in an abstracted form.

54
Q

nonrepresentational

A

type of art like abstraction in which it is not meant to represent a physical object in reality

55
Q

Dada

A

art movement started by duchamp that rejects every traditional aspect of art including materials, school of thoughts and ideas. purpose was to create something so shocking and new. Iconoclastic, destroying everything that art used to be.

56
Q

readymade

A

Changing the purpose of something that already exists so that it is seen as a piece of art. e.g- Duchamp’s fountain is a urinal turned upside down.

57
Q

Suprematism

A

art movement in russia inspired by malevich that sees colors as purely aesthetic and concerned only with form free from any political or social meaning. squares, circles and crosses are seen

58
Q

Neo-plasticism

A

Term coined by Mondrain in which Neo-plasticism applies to all aspects of design that were part of daily life. natural shapes were reduced to only horizontal and vertical lines and some color.

59
Q

Mobile

A

form of kinetic sculpture drawn from calder’s work. now seen in children’s nursery’s.

60
Q

Surrealism

A

art movement interested in the dream world, and its relation to real life. goes against tradition, and believes that art or writing shouldn’t be controlled by any kind of tradition or previous art.

61
Q

Sigmund Freud; Psychoanalysis

A

psychologist who studied the interaction of dreams and reality. Uses dream interpretation.

62
Q

International Style

A

style of architecture involving wide open spaces, use of modern materials such as plate glass and steel, and devoid of ornamentation.

63
Q

Prairie Style

A

architecture with low lying floor plans, and horizontal planes.

64
Q

Abstract Expressionism

A

large scale, non-representational works. lacking in subject matter.

65
Q

Action Painting

A

drip painting, and the movement of his art process

66
Q

Color field painting

A

large expanses of a solid color that cover a major part of the canvas

67
Q

Combine

A

incorporating various objects to be used as a canvas. hybrid between a painting and a sculpture

68
Q

Pop Art

A

art that comments, pokes fun and responds to current events

69
Q

Conceptual art

A

celebrates that art can be an idea and not necessarily tangible

70
Q

Environmental art

A

art placed outside of the gallery, intended to be changed by their environment.

71
Q

Feminism

A

art and social movement by Judy Chicago emphasizing the equality of all genders

72
Q

Banal

A

lacking so much in originality that it’s mundane and boring.

Art History (8 decks)

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