Vocabulary

Question 0

The condition or state of affairs surrounding a moral decision; these include the consequences of an action. Circumstances can increase or diminish the responsibility of a person, but they cannot change the moral quality of the acts themselves; they never make good an act which is in itself evil.

Answer 0

circumstances

Question 1

Human appetites or desires remain disordered due to the temporal consequences of Original sin. This remains even after Baptism and constitute an inclination to sin.

Answer 1

concupiscence

Question 2

A personal appeal that to carry out a particular action that has been ordered by legitimate authority would be against one’s own conscience.

Answer 2

conscientious objection

Question 3

The quality of being guilty or deserving punishment for participation in sin.

Answer 3

culpable

Question 4

The premeditation or forethought that weighs one’s options before making a moral act

Answer 4

deliberation

Question 5

Judgment of conscience that occurs when there is doubt about the good or evil of an act done or omitted.

Answer 5

doubtful conscience

Question 6

the primary goal of the intention and the purpose pursued in an action.

Answer 6

end

Question 7

That which is opposed to the moral law and thus entails sin.

Answer 7

evil

Question 8

The power rooted in reason and the will, to act or not to act, and so to perform deliberate actions on one’s own responsibility.

Answer 8

freedom

Question 9

Includes the power of directing one’s own actions without constraint.

Answer 9

free will

Question 10

The clear and deliberate knowledge of the merit or sinfulness of an action.

Answer 10

full knowledge

Question 11

An act that is performed with both knowledge and free will.

Answer 11

human act

Question 12

the lack of knowledge

Answer 12

Ignorance

Question 13

A quality, character, or conduct in violation of moral law

Answer 13

immorality

Question 14

The attribution of a secondary effect that follows as a natural result from the primary effect

Answer 14

indirect responsibility

Question 15

a movement of the will toward an end

Answer 15

intention

Question 16

ignorance that cannot be overcome by ordinary diligence.

Answer 16

invincible ignorance

Question 17

Any human act that has a moral content and involves deliberation and choice.

Answer 17

moral act

Question 18

The ethical norms, authored and revealed by God and safeguarded by the Church, imposing obligations on the conscience of each person.

Answer 18

moral law

Question 19

The view that there is no absolute or universal moral law or truth, resulting in a morality determined by cultural factors or personal preference.

Answer 19

moral relativism

Question 20

The subset of theology that makes use of reason to offer practical judgments, under the guidance of divine revelation, in order to direct human acts towards their supernatural end

Answer 20

moral theology

Question 21

The doctrine or system by which actions are judged to be good or evil.

Answer 21

morality

Question 22

The essence of a being considered as the principle of its activity and defining its particular characteristics

Answer 22

nature

Question 23

Standards of conduct that are universal rather than conditioned by culture or personal preference.

Answer 23

objective morality

Question 24

that toward which the will directs itself. This is distinct from the intention that a person has when performing the act.

Answer 24

object

Question 25

This separated mankind from God, darkened the human intellect, weakened the human will, and introduced into human nature an inclination toward sin.

Answer 25

original sin

Question 26

Knowledge that is incomplete due to the presence of some obstacle interfering with a moral judgment

Answer 26

partial knowledge

Question 27

an act may be performed, even if accompanied by an unintended bad effect, if the act itself is good or indifferent, the good effect far outreaches the bad effect, and the intention of the act is the good effect.

Answer 27

principle of double effect

Question 28

The ability to discern the most suitable and moral course of action

Answer 28

prudence

Question 29

The intellectual power or faculty which is ordinarily employed by man in adapting thought or action to some
end; the guiding principle of the human mind in the process of thinking.

Answer 29

reason

Question 30

Moral standards that are not universal but are decided upon by the individuals involved

Answer 30

subjective morality

Question 31

Lack of knowledge for which a person is morally responsible due to lack of diligence

Answer 31

vincible ignorance

Question 32

A habitual and firm disposition to do good.

Answer 32

virtue