Vocabulary

Question 0

Photosynthesis

Answer 0

the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to to produce carbohydrates and oxygen

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

Organism that use energy from sunlight or from chemical bonds in inorganic substance to make organic compounds

Question 2

Heterotroph

Answer 2

an organism that obtains organic food molecules by eating other organisms or their byproducts and that cannot synthesize organic compounds from inorganic materials

Question 3

Light Reactions

Answer 3

the initial reactions in photosynthesis, which are triggered by the absorbtion of light by photosystems I and II and include the passage of electrons along the electron transport chains, the production of NADPH and oxygen gas, and the synthesis of ATP through chemiosmosis

Question 4

Calvin Cycle

Answer 4

a biochemical pathway of photosynthesis in which carbon dioxide is converted into glucose using ATP

Question 5

Chloroplast

Answer 5

an organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Question 6

Thylakoid

Answer 6

a membrane system found within chloroplasts that contains the components for photosynthesis

Question 7

Granum

Answer 7

a stack of thylakoids in a chloroplast

Question 8

Stroma

Answer 8

in plants, the solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast

Question 9

Pigment

Answer 9

a substance that gives another substance or mixture its color

Question 10

Chlorophyll

Answer 10

a green pigment that is present in most plant cells, that gives plants their characteristic green color, and that reacts with sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to form carbohydrates

Question 11

Carotenoid

Answer 11

a class of pigments that are present in the thylakoid membrane of plants and that aid in photosynthesis

Question 12

Photosystem

Answer 12

in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, a cluster of chlorophyll and other pigment molecules that harvest light energy for the light reactions of photosynthesis

Question 13

Primary electron acceptor

Answer 13

in chloroplasts, an acceptor of electrons lost from chlorophyll a; found in the thylakoid membrane

Question 14

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 14

a series of molecules, found in the inner membranes of mitochondria and chloroplasts, through which electrons pass in a process that causes protons to build up on one side of the membrane

Question 15

Chemiosmosis

Answer 15

in chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP