Vocabulary Flashcards
To epitomise
The epitome of sth
To be a perfect example of a quality or type of thing
She epitomizes the inexperienced and unprepared mountain walker.
Carriage
It’s part of the train
Courtesy
Polite behavior
As soon as
At the same time
As soon as I saw her, I knew there was something wrong
Fall asleep
To start to sleep
I fell asleep as soon as my head hit the pillow
Synonym of nearly?
Almost
Neither
Neither of
We’ve got two TV programs, but neither works properly.
Neither one of us is interested in this job.
To recharge your batteries
Regain energy by sleeping or resting or
I came to Australian, because I need to recharge my batteries.
To get some shuteye
To sleep (informal) You look exhausted! Try to get some shuteye on the bus.
not sleep a wink
Not sleep at all
I didn’t sleep a wink last night with that noise.
To wink. What’s the preposition?
wink (n)
To close one eye
Wink at
She wink at me.
To have a catnap
Short sleep
To hit the hay
Go to bed
To sleep like a log
Sleep soundly
I went to bed early and slept like a log.
To toss and turn
To be constantly moving in bed, unable to sleep.
I was tossing and turning all night.
To get some beauty sleep
Sleep before midnight to preserve youthful looks.
To be wide awake
Fully awake
At the crack of dawn
Very early in the morning
Dusk
It is opposite to dawn.
A light sleeper
It is opposite to sleeping like a log.
Noticeable
It is to see
Harsh
Unkind, cruel
Harsh winters
What’s the verb of width?
Widen
Swell
It was obvious she had broken her toe, because it immediately started to swell (up)
Enclose
To surround
Suck
I sucked my thumb.
Preposition after shown
Shown by
Adjective of taste
Tasty
Adjective of Satisfy
Satisfying meal
Opposite of forgettable
Unforgettable (be careful with spelling)
To get used
To become familiar
I just can’t get used to getting up early.
Opposite of sure
Unsure
Adjective of bureaucracy
Bureaucratic
Overwhelming
Difficult to fight against
An overwhelming urge/desire/need
Very great or very large
Overwhelming generosity
Noun of wise
Wisdom
Hidden agenda to
A secret reason for doing something
We have got a long way …. Before
To go
I can’t decide whether or … to apply for a
Not
Local’s way of … has changed
Life
You need to strike the … balance between work and relax
Right
Noun of relax
Relaxation
I go fishing for relaxation
The highest stand of … in the world
Living
Can you … living
Imagine
Adv annoyed
Terribly annoyed
Shortage
When there is not enough of something
Water shortage
She was … furious
Absolutely
Priceless and invaluable
Invaluable for abstract things
It was priceless
Negative adjective of count
Countless
Noun of vary
Variety
Negative adverb of believe
Unbelievably
Adjective of manufacture?
Manufacturing methods
Adjective, adverb and noun of please
Pleased/pleasant, pleasantly, pleasure
Fair-haired, fair-skinned and fair weather
Pale yellow
Good weather, dry and hot
Set out
To organise
Hassle
Difficulty or trouble
Verb: to annoy someone, especially by repeatedly asking them something
I’ll do it in my own time - just stop hassling me!
Settle down/into
To become familiar with a place and to feel happy and confident in it
She quickly settled down in he new house/job/school.
To start living in a place where you intend to stay for a log time
Eventually, I’d like to settle down and have a family, but not yet.
A … deal
A good/great deal of sth
A large amount
A great deal of effort
Without ever … foot in the country
Tom wrote a novel about Indian without ever having set foot in the country
Set foot in somewhere: to go to a place
Entrepreneur
Someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves seeing a new opportunity
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurial
Inversion Under ... Circumstances ... On no ... Should At no ... did I have sexual relations (In) no ... would I ever go to the Ivy
Under no circumstances must you bring
On no account should you be late
At no point/time did I have sexual relations with that woman
(In) no way am I going to the Ivy
Inversion Under ... Circumstances ... On no ... Should At no ... did I have sexual relations (In) no ... would I ever go to the Ivy
Under no circumstances must you bring
On no account should you be late
At no point/time did I have sexual relations with that woman
(In) no way am I going to the Ivy
To what extend?
How much?
Hog
Female pig (uk) Pig (USA)
Harm
To hurt somebody or damage something
Rat
Bigger than mouse
Ape
Like mokey
To give birth
To produce a baby
To shove
To push someone or something forcefully
To shove snow
Setback
Something that happens that delays or prevents a process from developing
Sally had been recovering well from her operation, but yesterday she experienced/suffered a setback.
There has been s slightly/temporary setback in our plans.
Grumble (v,n)
To risk money
To be paid off
To be successful
Bury
To put a dead body into the ground
To … bombshell
Bombshell
Unpleasant news
A very attractive person
A blond bombshell
Nowhere near
He’s nowhere near as tall as his sister
Not such a … as
Mauá is not such a safe city as it used to be.
As … a … as
He’s as good a policeman as his father was.
Heir
A person who will legally receive the money when you die
A great deal Quite a lot Considerably Far Very much
It’s a great deal better to study in Australia
By far (and away) Easily
Soccer is by far the best sport in the world
Once upon…
Once upon a time
Be back on your feet
To be healthy after a period of illness
“We’ll soon have you back on your feet again,” said the nurse.
Get your feet wet
To start doing something new
The company got its feet wet by taking a stand at the trade’s exhibition.
Get back on your feet
There is enormous support for quick, low-interest loans to help companies get back on their feet after a disaster.
Vow (v,n)
To make a determined decision or promise to do something
The guerrillas vowed they would overthrow the government.
I vowed to do more of the cooking myself.
Fall off the wagon
To start drinking alcohol, after a period when you have drunk none
When her husband died, she fell off the wagon.
On the wagon
You have decided not to drink any alcohol for a period of time
He was on the wagon for ten years, when he was living in Australia.
Will
What someone wants to happen
It was God’s will.
Afield
Far/further
A long/longer distance away
We export our products to countries as far afield as Japan and Canada.
A passion … sth
A passion for sth
Stalk
Stalks his prey in the night
Stack(n,v)
Pile
Pile of dvds
To arrange things in a ordered pile
The caretaker began stacking up the chairs.
Odds
The probability
If you drive a car all your life, the odds are that that you’ll have an accident at some point.
In gambling (betting), a probability expressed as a number The odds against my horse winning /on my horse winning are a hundred to one.
Quirky
unusual in an attractive and interesting way:
He was tall and had a quirky, off-beat sense of humour.
Do/go the full monty
to take off all your clothes in front of other people
the most or best that you can have, do, get, or achieve, or all that you want or need:
When we bought the television, we decided to go for the full monty.
Evict
Eviction
› to force someone to leave somewhere:
Tenants who fall behind in their rent risk being evicted.
He was evicted from the pub for drunken and violent behaviour.
After falling behind with his mortgage repayments he now faces eviction from his home.
In this economically depressed area, evictions are common.
Shame on you
› used to tell someone that they should feel sorry for something they did:
Shame on you for being so unkind.
humorous You mean you were in town and you didn’t come and see us - shame on you!
sew (sewn or sewed)
to join two pieces of cloth together by putting thread through them with a needle.
Fly (trousers)
(UK also flies) the opening at the front of a pair of trousers:
Hey Chris, your fly’s undone!
Seam
a line where two things join, especially a line of sewing joining two pieces of cloth or leather:
The bags we sell have very strong seams, so they will last for years.
Waistband
a strip of material that forms the waist of a pair of trousers or a skirt:
He had a gun tucked into the waistband of his trousers.
A while
a length of time:
I only stayed for a short while.
You were there quite a while (= a long time), weren’t you?
“When did that happen?” “Oh, it was a while ago (= a long time ago).
I haven’t seen him for a while (= for a long time).
I’ll be fine in a while (= soon).
cross sb’s mind
If something crosses your mind, you think of it:
It crossed my mind yesterday that you must be short of staff.
It never once crossed my mind that she might be unhappy.
cross your arms/fingers/legs
to put one of your arms, fingers, or legs over the top of the other:
She sat down and crossed her legs.
somehow
(US informal also someway) in a way or by some means that is not known or not stated:
It won’t be easy, but we’ll get across the river somehow.
for a reason that is not clear:
I know what we’re doing is legal, but somehow it doesn’t feel right.
so-called
used to show that you think a word that is used to describe someone or something is not suitable or not correct:
It was one of his so-called friends who supplied him with the drugs that killed him.
used to introduce a new word or phrase that is not yet known by many people:
It isn’t yet clear how destructive this so-called ‘super virus’ is.
Recognise (word transformation)
Recognised Recognition Recognisable Unrecognisable Recognisably
Reveal
to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously secret:
He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians.
[+ that] Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought.
Carry out
to do or complete something, especially that you have said you would do or that you have been told to do:
Nigel is carrying out research on early Christian art.
The hospital is carrying out tests to find out what’s wrong with her.
Our soldiers carried out a successful attack last night.
Carry on
to continue doing something, or to cause something to continue:
Let’s carry on this discussion at some other time.
Carry on the good work!
Carry through
to complete something successfully:
It is doubtful whether it will be possible to carry through the education reforms.
Lad
a boy or young man:
A group of young lads were standing outside the shop.
He’s a nice lad.
work sb over
to attack and injure someone:
Do you want me to get some of the lads to work him over?
a… precaution of sounds
added (extra) precaution of sounds
Deceive
deceive yourself
to persuade someone that something false is the truth, or to keep the truth hidden from someone for your own advantage:
The company deceived customers by selling old computers as new ones.
The sound of the door closing deceived me into thinking they had gone out.
to refuse to accept the truth:
She thinks he’ll come back, but she’s deceiving herself.
Evade
[formal] to avoid or escape from someone or something:
The police have assured the public that the escaped prisoners will not evade recapture for long.
She leaned forward to kiss him but he evaded her by pretending to sneeze.
An Olympic gold medal is the only thing that has evaded her in her remarkable career.
[+ -ing verb] He can’t evade doing military service forever.
Convince (word transformation)
Convincing
Convinced
Convincingly
Unconvincing
… honour of sth/sb
in order to celebrate or show great respect for someone or something:
a banquet in honour of the president
Pound
to hit or beat repeatedly with a lot of force, or to crush something by hitting it repeatedly:
I could feel my heart pounding as I went on stage to collect the prize.
Nearly 50 people are still missing after the storm pounded the coast.
The city was pounded to rubble during the war.
He pounded on the door demanding to be let in.
She was pounding away on her typewriter until four in the morning.
edge
noun (OUTER POINT)
B1 [C] the outer or furthest point of something:
He’d piped fresh cream around the edge of the cake.
They built the church on the edge of the village.
A man was standing at the water’s edge with a small boy.
I caught (= hit) my leg on the edge of the table as I walked past.
on edge
C2 nervous and not relaxed:
Is something wrong? You seem a bit on edge this morning.
the lesser of two devils
the less unpleasant of two choices, neither of which is good:
But allowing a criminal to go free is perhaps the lesser of two evils if the alternative is imprisoning an innocent person.
Widow
B2 a woman whose husband or wife has died and who has not married again
In use
Is the washing machine in use right now?
Handful
handful noun (AMOUNT)
› [C] an amount of something that can be held in one hand:
He pulled out a handful of coins from his pocket.
handful noun (A FEW)
B2 [S] a small number of people or things:
She invited all her friends to her party, but only a handful of them turned
handful noun (DIFFICULT PERSON)
› [S] a person, often a child, who is difficult to control:
Her older son is fine but the little one is a bit of a handful.
Handy
handy adjective (SKILFUL) › [after verb] able to use something skilfully: Jonathan's good at wallpapering but he's not so handy with a paintbrush.
C2 useful or convenient:
a handy container/tool
First-time visitors to France will find this guide particularly handy.
Delight (adj, adv and collocation adv + adj)
Delighted, delightful
Delightedly, delightfully
Absolutely delighted
Belong (n)
Belonging
Picture (adj, adv)
Picturesque, picturesquely
Geography (adj, adv)
Geographical, geographically
Engage in
take part in sth
to take part in something:
The two governments have agreed to engage in a comprehensive dialogue to resolve the problem.
handy
(USEFUL)
C2 useful or convenient:
a handy container/tool
(SKILFUL)
[after verb] able to use something skilfully:
Jonathan’s good at wallpapering but he’s not so handy with a paintbrush.
Adventure (adj, adverb, n,p)
Adventurous, Adventurously, Adventurer
Increase (Adv)
increasingly
Suffice (n, adj +-, adv)
sufficiency, sufficient and insufficient, sufficiently
Doubt (n, adj +-, adv +-)
doubt, doubtful and undoubted, doubtfully - undoubtedly - doubtless
Maintain (n)
Maintenance
Stabilise (n, adj)
stability and stabilisation, stable
Aisle
> Would you like an aisle seat or would you prefer to be by the window?
You’ll find the Shampoo and the soap in the fourth aisle along from the entrance.
go/walk down the aisle (to get married)
ill
not feeling well, or suffering from a disease:
I felt ill so I went home.
He’s been ill with meningitis.
Sophia fell ill/was taken ill (= became ill) while on holiday.
He is critically (= very badly) ill in hospital.
Come over
(SEEM)
to seem to be a particular type of person:
I watched the interview and felt he came over as quite arrogant.
(MOVE)
to come to a place, move from one place to another, or move towards someone:
Come over here!
Are your family coming over from Greece for the wedding?
Weapon
any object used in fighting or war, such as sword, a gun, bomb, knife, etc.:
a lethal weapon
chemical/nuclear/biological weapons
The youths were dragged from their car and searched for weapons.
Ward
Ward: Hospital/Prison, City Area, Child
Ward sth off: to prevent something unpleasant
>I take vitamin C to ward off colds
Warder: a person who is in charge of people in prison
Deign
deign to do sth
› to do something unwillingly and in a way that shows that you think you are too important to do it:
If she deigns to reply to my letter, I’ll be extremely surprised.
Drown
to (cause to) die by being unable to breathe underwater:
He drowned in a boating accident.
Many animals were drowned by the tidal wave.
(COVER)
to cover or be covered, especially with a liquid:
A whole valley was drowned when the river was dammed.
disapproving He drowned his food in/with tomato sauce.
Bankrupt
The business went bankrupt after one year.
Two peas in a pod
John and Fred are like two peans in a pod
Silly + …
Foreseeable + …
Golden + …
Silly (not important) mistake
Foreseeable future
Golden Opportunity
set sb’s teeth on edge
If something, especially a noise, sets your teeth on edge, it annoys you very much:
That DJ’s voice really sets my teeth on edge.
Word family Bright Doubt Vary Entertain
Bright (adj) - Brighten (v) - brightness (n) - brightly (adv)
doubt (n) - doubt (v) - doubtful - doubtfully (adv) and doubtless (adv)
vary - variation - variable - variability
entertainment - entertain - entertainer
set sb’s heart on doing sth
I’d set my heart on doing the course (you want very much).
on a whim
We booked the holiday on a whim. (suddenly and with no good reason)
turn sth/sb down
to be rejected
>Have you ever been turn down from a course or a job you applied for?
Get out of
To escape
Drop behind
Which subjects do/did you sometimes drop behind in at school?
Come up
move towards, be mentioned, appear, become available (job), happen, be coming up
Face up to sth
Face up to sth (confront) <> run away from
Do you find it easy to face up to difficult situations or people?
End up
to finally be in a particular place or situation
Much of this meat will probably end up as dog food
Blow over
(SITUATION)
When an argument blows over, it becomes gradually less important until it ends and is forgotten:
I thought that after a few days the argument would blow over.
(STORM)
When a storm blows over, it becomes gradually less strong until it ends:
The storm raged all night but by morning it had blown over.
This situation has me … around on the floor …
This situation has me rolling around on the floor laughing
On the big screen
On the big screen = at the cinema/movie
Supplant (informal verb)
Supplant = replace
>My old computer has finally been supplanted by a brand new lap top.
Subsidise
Subsidise = pay part of the cost of
She works every weekend to subsidise her music lessons
Subsidisation - subsidy
Perpetual Rigours of Deliver Raise funds Resemble
Perpetual = non-stop Rigours of = extreme difficulties Deliver = say Raise funds = get money Resemble = look like
Optician
Checks your eyesight
Heap
C2 an untidy pile or mass of things:
a heap of clothes/rubbish
› to put things into a large, untidy pile:
He heaped more food onto his plate.
Vest
over the shirt, no sleeves… Waistcoat (UK)
(US)
Drapes
Closet
Gasoline
Drapes = Curtains Closet = Wardrobe Gasoline = petrol
Blunt
Rude
Thumbtack
Blunt: not sharp (e.g. a knife)
Rude: bad-mannered, impolite
Thumbtack: drawing pin
Handcuffs
two metal or plastic rings joined by a short chain that lock around a prisoner’s wrists:
a pair of handcuffs
She was taken to the police station in handcuffs.
Cuffs (informal)
Gate-crasher
sb who goes to a party uninvited
Beetle (synonym)
lady bird, lady beetle, lady bus
Attic
Roof
Ceiling
Attic: the space or room at the top of a building
Roof
Ceiling: top of a room or limit
Reflect on
gave me plenty of opportunity to reflect on where my future lay.
a means to an end
A means to an end
>something that you do because it will help to achieve something else
I didn’t particularly like the job - it was just a means to an end.
Get hold of
B2 informal to find someone or obtain something:
Where can I get hold of some stamps?
How can I get ahold of Chris?
› mainly UK to understand something:
This is a very difficult concept to get hold of.
Bloke
A man
Stand sb up
B2 to intentionally fail to meet someone when you said you would, especially someone you were starting to have a romantic relationship with:
I don’t know if I’ve been stood up or if she’s just late - I’ll wait another half hour.
Lodge
Complain
lodge a claim, complaint, protest, etc.
› to make an official complaint about something:
The US lodged a formal protest against the arrest of the foreign reporters.
Lee’s solicitor said last night that they would be lodging an appeal against the sentence.
Despair
› to feel despair about something or someone:
Don’t despair! We’ll find a way out!
I despair at/over the policies of this government.
They began to despair of ever being rescued.
Trigger
C1 to cause something bad to start:
Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches.
The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests.
Sth is not my cup of tea
I don’t like sth
A … impression (collocation)
A lasting impression
To put sth on record
to make sure that something is officially written down so that people will know what has been said or done:
I would like to put on record my disagreement with the conclusions of the meeting.
… Affected (adv collocation)
Deeply affected
A worldwide … (Collocation)
A worldwide scale
Crack down
C2 to start dealing with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way:
The library is cracking down on people who lose their books.
Mourning
great sadness felt because someone has died:
Shops will be closed today as a sign of mourning for the king.
He was in mourning for his wife.
Worse off
› poorer or in a more difficult situation:
If Rick loses his job we’ll be even worse off.
Hang on in there
hang on in there
(also hang in there)
› said as a way of telling someone to not give up, despite difficulties:
Work can get tough in the middle of a term but hang on in there and it’ll be OK.
Produce (n)
C2 food or any other substance or material that is grown or obtained through farming:
agricultural/dairy/fresh produce
Buzz (n) - felling
C2 informal a feeling of excitement, energy, and pleasure:
I love cycling fast - it gives me a real buzz.
I get a buzz out of public speaking.
A clean sheet/slate
a clean sheet/slate
informal
› the situation in which people decide to forget your past behaviour, usually because it was not good:
You were very lazy last term, but we’ll start again with a clean sheet this term.
Shade and shadow
Shade of the tree
Standoff
a situation in which agreement in an argument does not seem possible
Shutdown
› an occasion when a business or large piece of equipment stops operating, usually for a temporary period:
It’s just a regular maintenance shutdown.
The emergency shutdown procedure was activated.
Last (v)
To continue to exist
The meeting lasted 2 hours.
To get a bit ratty
› feeling annoyed:
She was a bit ratty with me this morning.
Give a pat on the back to
I’d like to give a pat on back to everyone who took part.
Strain
B2 [C usually singular or U] a force or influence that stretches, pulls, or puts pressure on something, sometimes causing damage:
The hurricane put such a strain on the bridge that it collapsed.
Workload
› the amount of work to be done, especially by a particular person or machine in a period of time:
Teachers are always complaining about their heavy workloads.
Students do find that their workload increases throughout the course.
My boss is rather a cold fish
Standoffish (adj)
Aloof (adj)
To be unfriendly
As hard as nails
She’s as hard as nails. She doesn’t care who she hurts.
A heart of gold
She has a heart of gold. She’ll always help anyone with anything.
Step into sb’s shoes
(also fill sb’s shoes)
› to take someone’s place, often by doing the job they have just left:
Who do you think will step into Sarah’s shoes when she goes?
In charge of
B1 being the person who has control of or is responsible for someone or something:
Who will be in charge of the department when Sophie leaves?
I left Jack in charge of the suitcases while I went to get the tickets.
Knowing
› showing that you know about something, even when it has not been talked about:
a knowing look/glance/smile
There is no knowing what he’ll do.
In a while
For a while
A while ago
Recently
For a long time
A long time ago
Kindergarten teacher
Shop Assistant
Flight attendant
Hairdresser
Professions
Places (inf)
Destinations
Lawsuit
a problem taken to a law court by an ordinary person or an organization rather than the police in order to obtain a legal decision:
Two of the directors filed a lawsuit against their former employer.
mainly UK They brought a lawsuit against the company.
Promise (inf)
Guarantee
Run (inf)
Organise
Ok (inf)
Satisfactory
Expect (inf)
Anticipate
Reserve (inf)
Book
Enough (inf)
Sufficient
Put in (inf)
Enclose
Let down (inf)
Disappoint
Reply (inf)
Response
Out of the frying pan into the fire
Said when you move from a bad or difficult situation to one that is worse
