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Sailing > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

aback

A

When the wind is on the wrong side of the sails.

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2
Q

abaft

A

Toward the stern.

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3
Q

aft

A

Toward the stern.

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4
Q

aground

A

When the hull or keel is touching the bottom.

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5
Q

aid to navigation

A

A buoy or other device deployed to mark a channel, a navigational feature, or a hazard.

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6
Q

aloft

A

Above the deck, usually in the rig.

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7
Q

amidships

A

At or toward the middle of the boat.

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8
Q

apparent wind

A

The combination of true wind and the wind effect of motion as felt aboard a moving boat.

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9
Q

astern

A

Behind the stern.

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10
Q

athwartships

A

Across the boat from side to side.

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11
Q

backing or backwinding

A

The act of setting a sail aback.

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12
Q

backstay

A

A wire support from the top of the mast to the stern.

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13
Q

ballast

A

Weight placed low in the boat to give it stability.

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14
Q

batten

A

A slat inserted in the leech of a sail to support the sailcloth.

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15
Q

batten pocket

A

A pocket sewn into the sail to hold a batten.

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16
Q

beacon

A

An aid to navigation that’s fixed in place.

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17
Q

beam

A

The width of a boat at its widest point, or the region of the boat’s sides halfway between bow and stern.

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18
Q

beam reach

A

The point of sail where the wind is abeam of the boat.

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19
Q

bear away

A

To turn the boat away from the wind, to fall off.

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20
Q

beat

A

To sail to windward close-hauled.

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21
Q

bend

A

A knot used to tie a line to another line or to an object.

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22
Q

bend on

A

To attach, as a sail to a spar.

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23
Q

blanketed

A

Hidden from the wind, as when one sail is blanketed by another.

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24
Q

block

A

A pulley.

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25
Q

boathook

A

A pole with a hook on one end useful for snagging a line or ring.

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26
Q

bolt rope

A

A rope sewn into the edge of a sail, often used to attach it to the mast or boom.

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27
Q

bottom

A

The seabed or bed under any body of water.

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28
Q

boom

A

The spar that supports the foot of the mainsail.

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29
Q

boom vang

A

An item of running rigging, often a block and tackle, used to hold down the boom.

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30
Q

bow

A

The forward part of the boat.

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31
Q

bowline

A

A knot that forms a loop in the end of a line.

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32
Q

bow line

A

A dock line tied between the bow of a boat and a dock.

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33
Q

broad reach

A

The point of sail between a beam reach and a run.

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34
Q

by the lee

A

Sailing on a run with the wind on the same side as the mainsail.

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35
Q

cabin

A

The interior of the boat.

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36
Q

cam cleat

A

A fitting with spring-loaded jaws used to secure a line.

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37
Q

can buoy

A

A cylindrical buoy used as an aid to navigation.

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38
Q

capsize

A

To turn over.

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39
Q

cast off

A

To undo completely a line that has been secured.

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40
Q

catamaran

A

A boat with two hulls.

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41
Q

centerboard

A

A board that pivots down from the bottom of the boat to provide sideways resistance.

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42
Q

chafe

A

Damage caused to a sail or line by rubbing.

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43
Q

chafing gear

A

Material used to prevent chafe.

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44
Q

chainplate

A

Metal fabrication attached to the hull and to which a stay or shroud is connected.

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45
Q

channel

A

A narrow passage; a deeper-water route often marked with aids to navigation.

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46
Q

chart

A

A nautical map.

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47
Q

chock

A

A fixed fairlead through which dock lines are fed.

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48
Q

cleat

A

A fitting used to secure a line under load.

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49
Q

clew

A

The aft lower corner of a sail.

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50
Q

close-hauled

A

The point of sail where a boat sails as close to the wind as possible.

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51
Q

cockpit

A

The area of the boat, usually recessed into the deck, from which the boat is steered and sailed.

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52
Q

coil

A

To make up a line into tidy loops, OR a line that has been coiled.

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53
Q

come about

A

To tack.

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54
Q

companionway

A

The entrance from the cockpit or deck to the cabin.

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55
Q

cringle

A

An eye formed by sewing a rope or metal ring into a sail.

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56
Q

cunningham

A

A line used to tension the luff of a sail.

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57
Q

daggerboard

A

A board that lowers vertically down from the bottom of the boat to provide sideways resistance.

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58
Q

deck

A

The generally horizontal surface that encloses the top of the hull.

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59
Q

dinghy

A

A small boat.

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60
Q

dock

A

A place where a vessel is berthed, but generally used to refer to the pier, quay, or pontoon to which it’s tied when in that berth, OR to bring a boat to its dock.

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61
Q

dock line

A

A line used to tie a boat in its dock.

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62
Q

docking

A

The process of bringing a boat into its dock.

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63
Q

downhaul

A

A line used to tension the luff of a sail by pulling down the boom at the gooseneck.

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64
Q

downwind

A

In the direction toward which the wind is blowing.

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65
Q

draft

A

The depth of a boat below the water, OR the curvature of a sail.

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66
Q

ease

A

To let out a line that has load on it.

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67
Q

eye of the wind

A

Directly to windward.

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68
Q

fair

A

Smooth, unobstructed.

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69
Q

fairlead

A

A fitting used to lead a line fair and at the correct angle to a winch, cleat, or other fitting.

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70
Q

fake or flake

A

To lay out a line in parallel lengths so it can run freely.

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71
Q

fall off

A

To turn away from the wind, bear away.

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72
Q

fender

A

A cushion, usually an inflated cylinder of rubber or similar material, placed between a boat and a dock.

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73
Q

fitting

A

A piece of hardware that is fixed to the boat or its spars.

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74
Q

flake

A

To lay in even loose folds, as a sail.

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75
Q

foot

A

The bottom edge of a sail.

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76
Q

fore-and-aft

A

The direction parallel with the centerline of a boat.

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77
Q

foredeck

A

The forward part of the deck, usually forward of the forwardmost mast.

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78
Q

foresail

A

A sail set forward of the mainsail, often a jib or headsail.

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79
Q

forestay

A

A stay that supports the mast from forward.

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80
Q

forward

A

Toward the bow.

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81
Q

fouled

A

Tangled, snagged.

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82
Q

freeboard

A

The height of the hull above the waterline.

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83
Q

full

A

About a sail, when it is not flapping or luffing.

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84
Q

furl

A

To stow a sail on a spar or stay.

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85
Q

gear

A

General term for equipment aboard a sailboat.

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86
Q

genoa

A

A large jib that extends aft of the mast.

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87
Q

give-way vessel

A

Under the Navigation Rules, the vessel that is obliged to adjust its course or speed to avoid collision with another vessel.

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88
Q

going astern

A

To be moving backwards.

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89
Q

gooseneck

A

An articulated fitting that connects a boom to a mast.

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90
Q

grommet

A

A metal ring set into a sail.

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91
Q

ground tackle

A

Collective term for a boat’s anchors and their rodes.

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92
Q

gunwale

A

The top edge of the deck where it joins the hull.

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93
Q

gust

A

An increase in wind speed that lasts just a short while.

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94
Q

halyard

A

A line used to raise and lower a sail.

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95
Q

hank

A

A metal clip or fabric tab used to attach a sail’s luff to a stay.

96
Q

hard-a-lee

A

The announcement by the helmsman that he is about to tack the boat.

97
Q

hatch

A

A covered opening in the deck.

98
Q

head

A

The top of a sail.

99
Q

head to wind

A

A boat’s position when its bow is pointing directly into the wind.

100
Q

headboard

A

A reinforcement at the head of a sail.

101
Q

head down

A

To steer away from the wind, bear away, fall off.

102
Q

headfoil

A

A metal or plastic cover that fits over a forestay to accept the luff tape of a jib when it’s hoisted.

103
Q

headsail

A

Any sail set forward of the forwardmost mast; a jib.

104
Q

headstay

A

The stay between the top of the mast and the bow.

105
Q

head up

A

To steer more toward the wind.

106
Q

headway

A

Motion forward.

107
Q

heave-to

A

To hold a boat almost stationary by setting the sails and rudder in opposition.

108
Q

heel

A

The sideways leaning of a boat under the pressure of the wind on the sails.

109
Q

helm

A

The tiller or wheel with which the boat is steered.

110
Q

helmsman

A

The person at the helm steering the boat.

111
Q

hiking stick

A

An extension to the tiller that allows the helmsman more freedom of movement.

112
Q

hitch

A

A type of knot, used to attach a line to an object or to another line.

113
Q

hoist

A

To haul aloft.

114
Q

hull

A

The watertight structural shell of a boat.

115
Q

inboard

A

Toward the centerline of the boat; inside the hull.

116
Q

in irons

A

Of a boat that’s head to wind, having lost all headway.

117
Q

jammer

A

A device that holds a line by an internal mechanism.

118
Q

jib

A

A triangular sail set forward of the mainmast.

119
Q

jibe

A

To turn the boat so that its stern passes through the wind.

120
Q

jibe-ho

A

Announcement by the helmsman that he is about to steer the boat into a jibe; also a warning that an accidental jibe is imminent.

121
Q

jibsheet

A

A line attached to the clew of a jib used to adjust its angle to the wind.

122
Q

jump

A

When hoisting a sail, to haul on the halyard at the mast.

123
Q

keel

A

The main structural member along the bottom of a boat’s hull; on a sailboat often an appended fin-shaped structure that contains ballast.

124
Q

keelboat

A

A sailboat that has a keel and ballast, usually combined.

125
Q

knot

A

A fastening made by entwining a rope, line, or cord with itself or with other ropes, lines, or cords. OR, a unit of speed, one nautical mile per hour.

126
Q

lay

A

The direction a rope’s strands are twisted, as in right-hand or left-hand.

127
Q

lazy

A

Of, for example, a jib sheet, the windward one that’s not under load.

128
Q

leech

A

The after edge of a sail.

129
Q

lee

A

Sheltered area to leeward of something (boat, building, island) that’s protected from the wind.

130
Q

lee helm

A

The tendency of a sailboat when sailing to turn away from the wind.

131
Q

lee side

A

The side away from the wind, or downwind side.

132
Q

leeward

A

The direction, or side of the boat, away from the wind.

133
Q

lifeline

A

A wire supported on stanchions around the perimeter of the deck to prevent the crew from falling overboard.

134
Q

line

A

A length of rope that has been made up to serve a specific purpose on board.

135
Q

locker

A

A storage compartment.

136
Q

loose footed

A

Of a mainsail, for example, that is attached to its boom at its tack and clew but not along its foot.

137
Q

luff

A

The forward edge of a sail OR the fluttering of a sail when the boat is too close to the wind for the sail’s trim OR to head up so that the sails luff.

138
Q

luff tape

A

Tape with an integral bolt rope that is sewn to the luff of a sail.

139
Q

main boom

A

The boom that supports the mainsail.

140
Q

mainmast

A

The principal mast on a sailboat.

141
Q

mainsail

A

The sail attached to the aft side of the mainmast.

142
Q

mainsheet

A

The line used to control the main boom and thus also to trim the mainsail.

143
Q

make fast

A

To secure, as when tying a line to a cleat.

144
Q

mark

A

General term for an aid to navigation.

145
Q

mast

A

A fixed vertical spar that holds up a sail or sails.

146
Q

moor

A

To tie up a boat.

147
Q

mooring

A

A permanently set anchor.

148
Q

mooring buoy

A

A buoy attached to a mooring and to which a boat can be moored.

149
Q

multihull

A

A boat with more than one hull.

150
Q

navigation light

A

A light required under the Navigation Rules when a vessel is operating at night or in poor visibility.

151
Q

Navigation Rules

A

Laws established to prevent collisions on the water.

152
Q

no-sail zone

A

The zone in relation to the wind where the sails cannot generate power.

153
Q

nun buoy

A

A buoy with a cone-shaped top used as an aid to navigation.

154
Q

off the wind

A

Any point of sail where the wind is abaft the beam.

155
Q

on the wind

A

Any point of sail where the wind is forward of the beam.

156
Q

outboard

A

Away from the centerline of a boat; outside the gunwale, OR a portable motor that attaches to the stern of a boat.

157
Q

outhaul

A

A line used to tension the foot of the mainsail.

158
Q

pier

A

A structure built over the water on pilings.

159
Q

pinch

A

To sail too close to the wind, so that the sails luff.

160
Q

pontoon

A

A moored floating structure to which a boat can be tied.

161
Q

point of sail

A

The direction a boat is sailing relative to the wind.

162
Q

port

A

A harbor, OR the left-hand side of a boat when facing forward.

163
Q

port tack

A

Any course where the wind is blowing on the port side of the boat.

164
Q

puff

A

An increase of wind strength of short duration, usually with less strength than a gust.

165
Q

pulpit

A

A guardrail at the bow or stern of a boat to which the lifelines are connected.

166
Q

quarter

A

The sides of a boat between the beam and the stern.

167
Q

quay

A

A solid structure to which vessels tie up to load and unload.

168
Q

reach

A

Any point of sail between close-hauled and a run.

169
Q

ready about

A

The command used to signal the crew to prepare to tack.

170
Q

reef

A

An area of rock or coral, usually submerged, that presents a hazard to navigation, OR to reduce the area of a sail that is exposed to the wind.

171
Q

rig

A

To attach, as a sail, OR the total assembly of sails, spars, and rigging aboard a sailboat.

172
Q

rigging

A

Wires and lines used to support spars and to control sails.

173
Q

rode

A

The line and/or chain that connects an anchor to the boat.

174
Q

roller furling

A

A mechanism for furling a sail by rolling it around its stay.

175
Q

rope

A

Raw material for making up lines.

176
Q

round up

A

To spontaneously turn a boat from head to wind.

177
Q

rudder

A

The movable appendage attached to a boat under the water and with which it can be steered.

178
Q

run

A

The point of sail on which the wind is aft.

179
Q

running rigging

A

The adjustable rigging used to raise and lower or trim the sails.

180
Q

sail tie

A

Length of webbing used to secure sails.

181
Q

sailboard

A

A sailboat that is essentially a surfboard with a sail.

182
Q

sailcloth

A

Material from which sails are made.

183
Q

sailing by the lee

A

Sailing on a run with the wind on the same side of the boat as the mainsail.

184
Q

scope

A

The ratio of the length of anchor rode deployed to the vertical distance from the boat’s bow to the bottom.

185
Q

secure

A

To make fast (as a line), OR to make safe.

186
Q

self-tailer

A

A device on a winch that enables it to grasp and gather the tail of a line as it is wound in on the winch.

187
Q

shackle

A

A closable metal connector used in rigging.

188
Q

shackle key

A

A tool for tightening and loosening a shackle.

189
Q

sheet

A

A line used to control the alignment of a sail relative to the boat and wind.

190
Q

shroud

A

A wire that provides athwartships support to the mast.

191
Q

sidelight

A

A navigation light that shines on one side of the boat in an arc from the bow to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam.

192
Q

slip

A

A berth where a boat docks between piers, pontoons, or pilings.

193
Q

sloop

A

A sailboat with one mast, a mainsail, and one headsail.

194
Q

snub

A

To hold a line under tension by wrapping it around a cleat or a winch.

195
Q

spar

A

A pole used to support a sail, e.g. mast, boom.

196
Q

spinnaker

A

A large, lightweight rounded sail used when sailing downwind.

197
Q

spreader

A

An athwartships strut on a mast that holds a shroud away from the mast.

198
Q

stanchion

A

A metal post that supports lifelines.

199
Q

standing rigging

A

Rigging, e.g. shrouds and stays, that supports spars and that remains in place when a boat is not sailing.

200
Q

stand-on vessel

A

In a situation where two vessels converge, the vessel that must maintain its course and speed.

201
Q

starboard

A

The right-hand side of a boat when looking forward.

202
Q

starboard tack

A

Any course where the wind is blowing on the starboard side of the boat.

203
Q

stay

A

A piece of standing rigging that supports a mast in the fore-and-aft direction.

204
Q

steaming light

A

A navigation light that shines on both sides of the boat in an arc from the bow to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam; used on a sailing vessel that is under power.

205
Q

stern

A

The aft part of the boat.

206
Q

stern light

A

A navigation light that shines on both sides of the boat in an arc from the stern to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam.

207
Q

stow

A

To put away in a seamanlike manner.

208
Q

stripping arm

A

Part of a self-tailer.

209
Q

surge

A

To ease a loaded line while snubbing it to keep it under control.

210
Q

tack

A

The forward lower corner of a sail OR to change course by turning the bow of the boat through the wind OR a course designation according to which side of the boat (port or starboard) the wind is blowing into.

211
Q

tackle

A

A line reeved through a series of blocks to gain mechanical advantage.

212
Q

tail

A

The end of a working line (e.g. halyard, sheet) after the winch or snubber that is taking the load, OR to pull on the tail of a line.

213
Q

tail bag

A

A bag in which line tails are stowed to keep them tidy.

214
Q

telltale

A

A short length of light yarn or similar material attached to a sail to indicate the flow of air across it and thus the state of the sail’s trim.

215
Q

tiller

A

A lever used to control the angle of the rudder and thereby steer the boat.

216
Q

topping lift

A

A line or wire that supports a boom when it is not being supported by its sail.

217
Q

transom

A

The more or less flat surface that closes the hull at the stern.

218
Q

traveler

A

A car-and-track system that allows the mainsheet’s attachment point to the deck to be moved athwartships.

219
Q

trim

A

To adjust a sail by hauling in on the sheet, OR the position a sail is set relative to the wind.

220
Q

trimaran

A

A vessel with three hulls.

221
Q

true wind

A

The wind as observed at a stationary point.

222
Q

upwind

A

In the direction from which the wind is blowing.

223
Q

vang

A

A piece of running rigging used to restrain a spar, e.g. boom vang.

224
Q

vessel

A

An all-inclusive term in the Navigation Rules used to describe any ship or boat or craft capable of being navigated.

225
Q

waterline

A

The line around the interface between the hull and the surface of the water.

226
Q

weather side

A

The side of a boat from which the wind is blowing; windward side.

227
Q

weather helm

A

The tendency of a boat when sailing to head up into the wind.

228
Q

winch

A

A device consisting of a gear-driven drum that is operated with a handle to provide mechanical advantage when hauling a line; also used to snub a line.

229
Q

windage

A

The resistance a boat’s hull, rig, and superstructure present to the wind.

230
Q

windward

A

Toward the wind.

231
Q

windward side

A

The side upon which the wind is blowing.

232
Q

wing on wing

A

Sailing on a run with the jib and mainsail set on opposite sides of the boat.

233
Q

winging the jib

A

Sailing wing on wing.

234
Q

working

A

Of a sheet, the one that is currently being used to trim the sail.

235
Q

zephyr

A

A gentle breeze, perfect for a quiet evening sail.

Sailing (2 decks)

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