Vocabulary Flashcards
When describing a relationship using the format changes in Y as a function of X
As a Function of
A vertical bar is centered over each score on the X axis and adjacent bars do not touch
Bar Graph
A symmetrical distribution containing two distinct humps, each reflecting relatively high frequency scores
Bimodal Distribution
A scale measure with whole numbers and decimals
Continuous Scale
When neither variable is manipulated by the researcher, you have a
Correlational Study
NEED
Cumulative Frequency
Observations and measurements result in numbers or scores, called
Data
Each dot on graph
Data Point
The variable which measures a participant’s behavior under each condition
Dependent Variable
Procedures for organizing and summarizing sample data so that we can communicate and describe their important characteristics
Descriptive Statistics
The way a study is laid out
Design
Indicates the score is different from the mean, is equal to the score minus the mean
Deviation
NEED
Dichotomous Variable
A scale measured in whole numbers only, variable in one group or another
Discrete Scale
An organized data set
Distribution
Where a researcher actively changes, or manipulates one variable and then measures participants’ scores on another variable to see if a relationship is produced
Experiment
The number of times a score occurs in a data set
Frequency
Where a data point is placed over each score on the X axis at height corresponding to the appropriate frequency
Frequency Polygon
NEED
Grouped Distribution
A bar graph where adjacent bars do touch
Histogram
The variable that is changed or manipulated by the experimenter
Independent Variable
Procedure for deciding weather sample data accurately represent a particular relationship in the population
Inferential Statistics
A scale in which the numbers measure a specific amount, no true zero
Interval Scale
A specific amount or category of the independent variable that creates the specific situation under which participants are examined
IV Conditions
NEED
Line Graph
The score located at the mathematical center of a distribution
Mean
The score at the 50th percentile
Median
A score that summarizes the location of a distribution on a variable
Measure of Central Tendency
The most frequently occurring score in a data set
Mode
Contains extreme low scores that have a low frequency but does not contain low frequency, extreme high scores
Negatively Skewed Distribution
Each score does not indicate an amount, rather it is used for identification (name)
Nominal Scale
A bell shaped curve which represents that the scores are normally distributed
Normal Curve
A scale where the scores indicate a ranking (ordered)
Ordinal Scale
A number that describes a characteristic of a population of scores
Parameter
The individuals measured in a sample
Participant
A proportion multiplied by 100
Percent
NEED
Percentile
The entire group of individuals to which a law of nature applies
Population
Contains extreme high scores that have low frequency but does not contain low frequency, extreme low scores
Positively Skewed Distribution
A decimal number between 0 and 1 that indicates a fraction of the total
Proportion
NEED
Ratio Scale
A pattern in which the as scores on one variable change the corresponding scores on the other variable change in a consistent manner
Relationship
NEED
Relative Frequency
NEED
Relative Frequency Distribution
A symmetrical distribution where there are no tails because the frequencies of scores are all the same
Rectangular Distribution
A relatively small subset of a population, intended to represent the population
Sample
Indicates the number of times each score occurs in a data set
Simple Frequency
A number that is the answer from a descriptive procedure that describes a sample of scores
Statistic
The codes used for symbolizing the mathematical operations performed in the formula and answers we obtained
Statistical Notation
Extent to which one or close to one value of Y tends to be consistently associated with only one value of X
Strength of Relationship
What you have when you add all of the positive and negative deviations together
Sum of the Deviations Around the Mean
To find the scores of X
Sum of X
The extreme scores in a data set, can be on both ends or just one end of graph
Tail
A mathematical procedure for converting a set of scores into a different set of scores
Transformation
NEED
Ungrouped Distribution
When a polygon has one hump, indicating the score qualifies as the mode
Unimodel Distribution
Anything that when measured can produce two or more different scores
Variable
