Vocabulary

Question 0

Binding energy per nucleon

Answer 0

The binding energy of the nucleus divided by the number of nucleons it contains.

Question 1

Band of stability

Answer 1

A stable nuclei cluster over a range of neutron-proton ratios.

Question 2

Magic numbers

Answer 2

The numbers of nucleons that represent completed nuclear energy levels- 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126.

Question 3

Mass defect

Answer 3

The difference between the mass of an atom and the sum of the masses of its protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Question 4

Nuclear binding energy

Answer 4

The energy released when a nucleus is formed from nucleons.

Question 5

Nuclear reaction

Answer 5

A device that uses controlled-fission chain reactions to produce energy or radioactive nuclides.

Question 6

Nuclear Shell model

Answer 6

Nucleons exist in different energy levels, or shells, in the nucleus.

Question 7

Nucleons

Answer 7

Protons and neutrons

Question 8

Nuclide

Answer 8

a distinct kind of atom or nucleus characterized by a specific number of protons and neutrons.

Question 9

Transmutation

Answer 9

the action of changing or the state of being changed into another form.

Question 10

Alpha particle

Answer 10

a helium nucleus emitted by some radioactive substances, originally regarded as a ray.

Question 11

Artificial transmutation

Answer 11

An artificially induced nuclear reaction caused by the bombardment of a nucleus with subatomic particiles or small nucei.

Question 12

Beta particle

Answer 12

a fast-moving electron emitted by radioactive decay of substances. (The emission of beta particles was originally regarded as a ray.).

Question 13

Daughter nuclide

Answer 13

formed by the disintegration of a radionuclide, either directly or as a result of successive transformation in a radioactive series.

Question 14

Decay series

Answer 14

ecay series is a series of decay in which radioactive element is decomposed in different elements until it produces one stable atom

Question 15

Electron capture

Answer 15

Electron capture is a process in which a proton-rich nuclide absorbs an inner atomic electron, thereby changing a nuclear proton to a neutron and simultaneously causing the emission of an electron neutrin

Question 16

Gamma ray

Answer 16

penetrating electromagnetic radiation of a kind arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.

Question 17

Half life

Answer 17

The time required for half the nuclei in a sample of a specific isotopic species to undergo radioactive decay.

Question 18

Nuclear radiation

Answer 18

nuclear radiation. Physics. radiation in the form of elementary particles emitted by an atomic nucleus, as alpha rays or gamma rays, produced by decay of radioactive substances or by nuclear fission.

Question 19

Parent nuclide

Answer 19

A parent nuclide is a nuclide that decays into a specific daughter nuclide during radioactive decay.

Question 20

Positron

Answer 20

a subatomic particle with the same mass as an electron and a numerically equal but positive charge.

Question 21

Radioactive decay

Answer 21

Radioactive decay, also known as nuclear decay or radioactivity, is the process by which a nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting ionizing radiation.

Question 22

Radioactive nuclides

Answer 22

Radioac­tive atoms characterized by what is in their nucleus—the number of protons, number of neutrons, and energy content.

Question 23

Transuranium elements

Answer 23

The transuranium elements are the chemical elements with atomic numbers greater than 92. All of these elements are unstable and decay radioactively into other elements.

Question 24

Chemical reaction

Answer 24

a chemical reaction or other process in which the products themselves promote or spread the reaction, which under certain conditions may accelerate dramatically.

Question 25

Control rod

Answer 25

a rod of a neutron-absorbing substance used to vary the output power of a nuclear reactor.

Question 26

Critical mass

Answer 26

A critical mass is the smallest amount of fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction. Wikipedia

Question 27

Moderator

Answer 27

an arbitrator or mediator.

Question 28

Nuclear fission

Answer 28

a nuclear reaction in which a heavy nucleus splits spontaneously or on impact with another particle, with the release of energy.

Question 29

Nuclear fusion

Answer 29

a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number fuse to form a heavier nucleus with the release of energy.

Question 30

Nuclear power

Answer 30

electric or motive power generated by a nuclear reactor.

Question 31

Nuclear rector

Answer 31

an apparatus or structure in which fissile material can be made to undergo a controlled, self-sustaining nuclear reaction with the consequent release of energy.

Question 32

Shielding

Answer 32

A barrier made of inner-shell electrons which serves to decrease the pull of the nucleus on the outer electrons.