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Archeology-Bio Anthropology > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

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0
Q

Define Epoch

A

A particular period of time marked by distinctive features, events, etc.

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1
Q

Define Holocene

A

The geological epoch during which we now live. It follows the Pleistocene epoch and began roughly 11,000-10,000 ya.

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2
Q

Define Younger Dryas

A

A colder stage between roughly 13,000 and 11,500 ya. The climate became colder and drier but did not return to full glacial conditions in higher latitudes.

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3
Q

Define Natufian Culture

A

Referring to collector-type hunter-gatherers who established sedentary settlements in parts of the Near East after 12,000 ya. Diet included plants, animals, nuts, wheat and barley. These food were processed and stored for later. Built houses, storage faculties, and graves.

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4
Q

Define Rachis

A

The short stem by which an individual seed attaches to the main stalk of a plant as it develops.

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5
Q

Define Neolithic

A

“Neo” meaning new “Lith” meaning stone New Stone Age; period of farmers

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6
Q

Define City-States

A

Urban centers that form autonomous sociopolitical units.

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7
Q

Define Autonomous

A

Self-governing; independent; subject to its own laws only.

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8
Q

Define Sociopolitical

A

Of, pertaining to, or signifying the combination or interaction of social and political factors

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9
Q

Define Mesopotamia

A

Land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, mostly included in modern-day Iraq.

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10
Q

Define Ziggurat

A

Late Sumerian mud-brick temple-pyramid

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11
Q

Define Cuneiform

A

Wedge-shaped writing of ancient Mesopotamia

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12
Q

Define Pharaoh

A

Title of the ruler of ancient Egypt

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13
Q

Define Hieroglyphics

A

“Sacred writing” The picture writing of ancient Egypt and Mayan

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14
Q

Define Glyphs

A

Carved or incised symbolic figures

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15
Q

Define Mesoamerica

A

Geographical and culture region from central Mexico to northwestern Costa Rica

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16
Q

Define Stela (stelae)

A

Upright posts or stones, often bearing inscriptions

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17
Q

Define Codex (codices)

A

Illustrated books

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18
Q

Define Unification

A

The process of unifying or uniting; union

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19
Q

Define Inundation

A

To flood; cover or overspreading with water; deluge

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20
Q

What is a Sickle?

A

Useful tools for harvesting wild cereal grasses. An embedded row of small flint blades formed the working edge of this tool, the handle of which could be wood, bone or horn

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21
Q

What and where is the Levant Region?

A

The northeastern area of the Fertile Crescent where Natufian culture groups occupied during the end of the Pleistocene. The corner of present Egypt.

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22
Q

Define Plaster

A

A composition, as of lime or gypsum, sand, water, and sometimes hair or other fiber, applied in a pasty form to walls, ceilings, etc., and allowed to harden and dry

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23
Q

Define Nome

A

One of the provinces of ancient Egypt. Organized into two kingdoms; Upper and Lower Egypt

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24
Q

Upper Egypt

A

Located near the River Valley of the Nile River (northern part). There were little strips of land which didn’t allow the residents to build and expand as much.

25
Q

Lower Egpyt

A

Located near the Delta of the Nile River (southern region). Mostly flood plain creating expanses of land. There was more room to build cities.

26
Q

What is the Narmer Palette?

A

Named after the Horus Narmer; pharaoh of unified Egypt. A flat ceremonial palette that signified Pharaoh Narmer conquering Lower Egypt and the one responsible of unifying all of ancient Egypt.

27
Q

Define Mastaba

A

An ancient Egyptian tomb made of mud brick, rectangular in plan with sloping sides and a flat roof.

28
Q

Define Sumer

A

The southern region of Babylonia. Seat of civilization of city-states that reached its height in the 3rd millennium b.c.

29
Q

Define a State-Level Society

A

A society characterized by a strong centralized government, socio-economic class divisions, a market economy and large populations

30
Q

Define Ma’at

A

The goddess personifying law and righteousness

31
Q

The geological epoch during which we now live. It follows the Pleistocene epoch and began roughly 11,000-10,000 ya.

A

Define Holocene

32
Q

A particular period of time marked by distinctive features, events, etc.

A

Define Epoch

33
Q

A colder stage between roughly 13,000 and 11,500 ya. The climate became colder and drier but did not return to full glacial conditions in higher latitudes.

A

Define Younger Dryas

34
Q

Referring to collector-type hunter-gatherers who established sedentary settlements in parts of the Near East after 12,000 ya. Diet included plants, animals, nuts, wheat and barley. These food were processed and stored for later. Built houses, storage faculties, and graves.

A

Define Natufian Culture

35
Q

The short stem by which an individual seed attaches to the main stalk of a plant as it develops.

A

Define Rachis

36
Q

“Neo” meaning new “Lith” meaning stone New Stone Age; period of farmers

A

Define Neolithic

37
Q

Urban centers that form autonomous sociopolitical units.

A

Define City-States

38
Q

Self-governing; independent; subject to its own laws only.

A

Define Autonomous

39
Q

Of, pertaining to, or signifying the combination or interaction of social and political factors

A

Define Sociopolitical

40
Q

Land between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, mostly included in modern-day Iraq.

A

Define Mesopotamia

41
Q

Late Sumerian mud-brick temple-pyramid

A

Define Ziggurat

42
Q

Wedge-shaped writing of ancient Mesopotamia

A

Define Cuneiform

43
Q

Title of the ruler of ancient Egypt

A

Define Pharaoh

44
Q

“Sacred writing” The picture writing of ancient Egypt and Mayan

A

Define Hieroglyphics

45
Q

Carved or incised symbolic figures

A

Define Glyphs

46
Q

Geographical and culture region from central Mexico to northwestern Costa Rica

A

Define Mesoamerica

47
Q

Upright posts or stones, often bearing inscriptions

A

Define Stela (stelae)

48
Q

Illustrated books

A

Define Codex (codices)

49
Q

The process of unifying or uniting; union

A

Define Unification

50
Q

To flood; cover or overspreading with water; deluge

A

Define Inundation

51
Q

Useful tools for harvesting wild cereal grasses. An embedded row of small flint blades formed the working edge of this tool, the handle of which could be wood, bone or horn

A

What is a Sickle?

52
Q

The northeastern area of the Fertile Crescent where Natufian culture groups occupied during the end of the Pleistocene. The corner of present Egypt.

A

What and where is the Levant Region?

53
Q

A composition, as of lime or gypsum, sand, water, and sometimes hair or other fiber, applied in a pasty form to walls, ceilings, etc., and allowed to harden and dry

A

Define Plaster

54
Q

One of the provinces of ancient Egypt. Organized into two kingdoms; Upper and Lower Egypt

A

Define Nome

55
Q

Located near the River Valley of the Nile River (northern part). There were little strips of land which didn’t allow the residents to build and expand as much.

A

Upper Egypt

56
Q

Located near the Delta of the Nile River (southern region). Mostly flood plain creating expanses of land. There was more room to build cities.

A

Lower Egpyt

57
Q

Named after the Horus Narmer; pharaoh of unified Egypt. A flat ceremonial palette that signified Pharaoh Narmer conquering Lower Egypt and the one responsible of unifying all of ancient Egypt.

A

What is the Narmer Palette?

58
Q

An ancient Egyptian tomb made of mud brick, rectangular in plan with sloping sides and a flat roof.

A

Define Mastaba

59
Q

The southern region of Babylonia. Seat of civilization of city-states that reached its height in the 3rd millennium b.c.

A

Define Sumer

60
Q

A society characterized by a strong centralized government, socio-economic class divisions, a market economy and large populations

A

Define a State-Level Society

61
Q

The goddess personifying law and righteousness

A

Define Ma’at

Archeology-Bio Anthropology (4 decks)

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