Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Growth & Development > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

0
Q

Chromosomes

A

Threadlike structures made up of DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Evolutionary Psychology

A

Emphasizes the importance of adaption, reproduction, & survival of the fittest in shaping behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

DNA

A

A complex molecule with a double helix shape that contains genetic information

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Genes

A

Units of hereditary information(short segments of DNA) that’s direct cells to reproduce themselves and to assemble protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Zygote

A

A single cell formed through fertilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Genotype

A

All of a person’s genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Phenotype

A

Observable characteristics such as physical characteristics such as physical characteristics & psychological characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra X chromosome (XXY)(undeveloped testes, enlarged breasts, tall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Fragile X Syndrome

A

A genetic disorder involving an abnormality in the X chromosome, which becomes constricted & often breaks (mental deficiency)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Turner Syndrome

A

A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing (XO) or the second X chromosome is partially deleted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A

A genetic disorder in which an individual cannot properly metabolize an amino acid (results in mental retardation & hyperactivity if not treated)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sickle-cell anemia

A

Genetic disorder that affects the red blood cells and occur most of ten in people with African descent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Twin Study

A

The behavioral and similarity of identical twins is compared with the behavioral similarity of fraternal twins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adoption Study

A

Investigators seek to discover whether, in behavior and psychological characteristics, adopted children are more like their adoptive parents, who provide a home environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

XXY Syndrome

A

A chromosomal disorder in which males have an extra Y

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Development

A

The pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the human life span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Life-Span Perspective

A

View development as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Nonnormative Life Events

A

Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual’s life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Normative Age-graded Influences

A

Influences that are similar for individuals in a particular group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Culture

A

The behavior patterns, beliefs and all other products of a group that are passed on from generation to generation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Cross-cultural studies

A

Comparison of one culture with one or more other cultures. These provide information about the degree to which development is similar, or universal across cultures, and the degree to which it is culture-specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ethnicity

A

A characteristic based on cultural heritage, nationality characteristics, race, religion, and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

SES

A

The grouping of people with similar occupational, educational, and economic characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gender

A

The characteristics of people as males or females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Biological processes

A

Changes in an individual’s physical nature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Cognitive processes

A

Changes in an individual’s thought, intelligence, and language

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Socioemotional processes

A

Changes in an individuals relationships with other people,emotions, and personality

27
Q

Nature-nurture issue

A

The debate about whether development is primarily influenced by nature or nurture

28
Q

Scientific method

A

An approach that can be used to obtain accurate information. The steps include: 1) conceptualize the problem, 2) collect data, 3) draw conclusions, and 4) revise research conclusions and theory

29
Q

Theory

A

an interrelated, coherent set of ideas that helps to explain and make predictions

30
Q

Hypotheses

A

Specific assumptions and predictions that can be tested to determine their accuracy

31
Q

Psychoanalyic theories

A

describe development as primarily unconscious and heavily colored by emotion.

32
Q

Erikson’s theory

A

Eight stages of human development. Each stage consists of a unique developmental task that confronts individuals with a crisis that must be resolved

33
Q

Piaget’s theory

A

States that children actively construct their understanding of the world and go through four stages of cognitive development

34
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

The of psychologists who emphasize behavior, environment, and cognition as the key factors ion development

35
Q

Naturalistic observation

A

observing behavior in real world settings

36
Q

Case study

A

an in-depth look at a single individual

37
Q

Longitudinal approach

A

a research strategy in which the same individuals are studied over a period of time, usually several years or more

38
Q

Shared environmental experiences

A

siblings’ common environmental experiences, such as their parents’ personalities mad intellectual orientation, the family’s socioeconomic status, and the neighborhood in which they live

39
Q

nonshared environmental experiences

A

the child’s own unique experiences, both within the family, that are not shared by another sibling.

40
Q

Germinal period

A

the period of prenatal development that takes place in the first two weeks fate conception

41
Q

Embryonic period

A

the period of prenatal development that occurs two to eight weeks after conception (the rate of cell differentiation intensifies, support systems for the cells form, and organs appear)

42
Q

Umbilical cord

A

a life-support system containing two arteries and one vein that’s connects the bay to the placenta

43
Q

Placenta

A

a life-support system that consists of a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine

44
Q

Fetal period

A

lasting about seven months, the prenatal period between two months after conception and birth in typical pregnancies

45
Q

Neurons

A

nerve cells, which handle information processing at the cellular level on the brain

46
Q

Teratogen

A

any agent that causes a birth defect. the field of study that investigates the causes of birth defects

47
Q

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD)

A

a cluster of abnormalities that appears in offspring of mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy

48
Q

Afterbirth

A

the third stage of birth, when the placenta, umbilical cord, and other membranes are detached and expelled

49
Q

Breech position

A

the baby’s position in the uterus that causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge from the vagina

50
Q

Apgar scale

A

a widely used method to asses the health of newborns at one and five minutes after birth which evaluates an infant’s heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, body color, and reflex irritability

51
Q

Low birth weight infants

A

an infant that weighs less that 5.5 lbs at birth

52
Q

Preterm infants

A

those born before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation (the time between fertilization and birth)

53
Q

Kangaroo care

A

treatment for preterm infants that involves skin-to-skin contact

54
Q

Postpartum period

A

the period after childbirth when the mother adjusts, both physically and psychologically, to the process of childbirth (period lasts for about six weeks)

55
Q

Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

A

A condition that occurs when an infant stops breathing, usually during the night, and suddenly dies without an apparent cause

56
Q

Reflexes

A

Built- in reactions to stimuli that govern the newborn’s movements, which are automatic and beyond the newborn’s control

57
Q

Sucking reflex

A

A newborn’s built-in reaction to automatically suck an object placed in the mouth

58
Q

Moro reflex

A

A neonatal startle response that occurs in reaction to a sudden, intense noise or movement

59
Q

Grasping reflex

A

A neonatal reflex that occurs when something touches the infant’s palms. The infant responds by grasping tightly

60
Q

Fine motor skills

A

Motor skills that involve more finely tuned movements, such as finger dexterity

61
Q

Sensation

A

The product of the interaction between information and the sensory receptors- the eyes, ears, tongue, nostrils, and skin

62
Q

Ecological view

A

The view that perception functions to bring in contact with the environment and to increase adaptation

63
Q

Habituation

A

Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus (a child seeing a toy they are used to, boredom, and loosing interest in the toys they have)

64
Q

Shape constancy

A

The recognition that an object’s shape remains the same even though it’s orientation to us changes

65
Q

Neuroconstructivist view

A

Perspective holding that biological processes and environmental conditions influence the brain’s development; the brain has plasticity and is context dependent; and development of the brain and cognitive development are closely linked

Growth & Development (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions