VOCABULARY Flashcards
Abrupt
describes a sudden change that occurs without warning
Abstain
the deliberate effort to refrain from an action, such as drinking alcohol or eating junk food
Access
the freedom to use something as one chooses; the permission or ability to enter or approach a specific entity or area
Accountable
responsible for actions or explanations
Acute
experiencing something to a sharp or intense degree
Adhere
the process of binding one thing to another using glue, tape, or another agent; refers to the action of maintaining loyalty or support
Adverse
in a contrary fashion; can cause harm; may also refer to something that is in opposition to one’s interests
Affect
a clear influence on one’s emotions
Ambivalent
being uncertain; having conflicting thoughts or feelings about something
Ambulate
to walk or move around without assistance
Annual
the duration of a single year; an occurrence that takes place once each year
Apply
to put something to use; having a relevant or valid connection to something else
Assent
to agree to or endorse something
Audible
capable of being heard
Bacteria
microscopic, free-living, single-celled organisms with a simple structure and no distinct nucleus
Bilateral
having two sides; may refer to something that affects both sides of the human body
Cardiac
concerning the heart
Cast
the process by which something is given shape through the pouring of a liquid substance into a mold; may also refer to the throwing of an object
Cavity
a pocket or hollow space; often referring to an empty space or hole in the human body (e.g., the chest cavity, or a cavity in a tooth caused by decay)
Cease
to bring about a gradual end; refers to something that dies out or becomes extinct
Chronic
persisting for a long period of time or happening over and over again
Chronology
events arranged in the order of their occurrence in time
Compensatory
an equivalent; the action of making a payment that serves as a counterbalance for another action
Complications
a factor that presents a degree of difficulty; may also refer to a secondary disease or condition
Comply
to carry out the wishes of another person; to perform in the manner prescribed by law
Concave
a surface that is rounded inward like a bowl; surface that is arched or curved
Concise
straightforward and to the point; absent of all excessive detail
Congenital
having a certain trait or disease from birth
Consistency
the agreement of each of the parts that constitute a whole
Constrict
to make something narrow by squeezing or compressing
Contingent
something that may happen; may also refer to something that is dependent upon or conditioned by something else
Contour
the line that represents the shape of a curvy figure
Contract
an agreement between two parties that binds each to perform certain actions
Contraindication
the presence of a symptom or condition that will make a specific treatment unadvisable
Convulsive
causing or consisting of sudden involuntary movement
Cursory
brief or hasty; not in-depth or thorough
Defecate
to have feces removed from the bowels
Deficit
a lack in an amount or quality of something, such as money or rainfall
Depress
to press down; the lessening of activity or strength; an action in which something moves to a lower position
Depth
a quality of being complete and thorough
Deteriorating
to make inferior in quality; to diminish in function or condition
Device
something that is devised or thought up; may be a piece of equipment designed for a specific task
Diagnosis
determining the dysfunction/disease
Diameter
the length of a line that passes through the body of an object
Diffuse
spread out over a wide area
Dilate
to enlarge, extend, or widen; to become wide like the pupil of the eye
Dilute
to make a substance thinner or less potent; diminish in flavor or intensity
Discrete
a separate entity; unique and separate from other things
Distal
located away from the central point or distant from the place of attachment
Distended
something that has been enlarged by the force of internal pressure
Dysfunction
a hindered function of a body system or organ
Elevate
to lift or make something higher; to lift in rank or title
Empathy
being able to understand and take part in another person’s feelings
Endogenous
the growth from a deep tissue; refers to conditions that arise from factors that are internal to an organism
Equilibrium
a balanced state
Etiology
the origin, cause, or reason by which something exists
Exacerbate
to cause something to become more intense in nature; especially an increase in violence or severity
Excess
surpassing usual limitations; unnecessary indulgence
Exogenous
the growth from superficial or shallow tissue; refers to conditions caused by factors that are external to an organism
Expand
to open or unfold; refers to an increase in number, size, or scope; may refer to the expression of an idea in greater depth
Exposure
being subject to a condition or influence; making a secret fact known publicly
Extension
an elongation or addition to a preexisting entity
External
being outside the human body; existing outside the confines of a specific space or institution
Fatal
something that may cause death; relating to fate or proceeding in a manner that follows a fixed sequence of events
Fatigue
the state of tiredness brought on by labor, exertion, or stress; the tendency of a specified material to break under stress
Febrile
related to fever, or displaying flushed or feverish symptoms
Flaccid
the state of not being firm; lacking vigor, force, or youthful firmness
Flexion
bending or the state of being bent, particularly in reference to joints or limbs
Flushed
blushing or an area of the body that becomes reddened
Gaping
something that is wide open and exposed
Gastrointestinal
concerning the stomach and intestines
Gender
the behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits that are associated with a specific sex
Hematologic
concerning blood
Hydration
the process of taking in water; the introduction or replenishing of fluids
Hygiene
the science of health: inducing practices; the condition or practice of activities that can maintain physical health
Impaired
a condition in which one cannot perform or function properly; often refers to a person who is under the influence of drugs or alcohol
Impending
hanging overhead threateningly; bound to occur in the near future
Impervious
resistant, unaffected, watertight; not allowing entrance or passage of fluid
Imply
to suggest or insinuate something without directly stating it
Incidence
the arrival of something at a surface; something that occurs or affects something else
Infection
an area of body tissue that has been invaded with pathogenic organisms
Infer
to make a judgment or come to a conclusion based on evidence and reasoning
Inflamed
to incite an intensely emotional state; also refers to something that has been set on fire
Ingest
to take into one’s mouth for digestion
Initiate
to cause something to begin or to set events in motion; as initiation, can also refer to the process through which a person is allowed entry into a club or organization
Insidious
something or someone who is enticing but dangerous; slow: developing dangerousness
Intact
something that remains whole or untouched by destructive forces; having no relevant part removed or altered
Internal
things inside of the body or the mind; something that exists within the limits and confines of something else
Intubate
to insert a tube, often to circumvent an obstructed airway
Invasive
tending to spread or infringe upon something; may also refer to something that will enter the human body
Kinetic
resulting from or relating to objects in motion; the forces and energy associated with that motion
Labile
unstable; constantly undergoing a chemical or physical change or breakdown
Laceration
wound with irregular borders, knife-like in appearance
Latent
not presently active but with the potential to become active
Lateral
referring to or affecting the side or sides of a body
Lethargic
sluggish, indifferent, or apathetic
Manifestation
the act of becoming outwardly visible; can refer to the occult phenomenon of a supernatural materialization
Musculoskeletal
concerning the connections of the muscle and the skeleton
Neurologic
concerning the nervous system
Neurovascular
concerning the blood vessels and the nerves
Nutrient
something that provides nourishment
Occluded
closed or blocked off
Ominous
exhibiting an omen; refers to something evil or disastrous that appears likely to occur
Ongoing
in the process of occurring; continuously advancing or moving ahead
Oral
spoken by the mouth; of or relating to the mouth
Otic
relating to, or located in the region of the ear
Overt
something that is openly displayed or obvious
Parameter
a limit or boundary; in math, it is an arbitrary value that is used to describe a statistical population
Paroxysmal
characterized by a sudden fit or attack of symptoms; may be a sudden emotion or uncontrollable action
Patent
a clear and easily accessible passage
Pathogenic
disease causing
Pathology
the study of diseases
Posterior
related to the rear/back position
Potent
able to copulate as a male; refers to something that is chemically or medically effective
Potential
having the possibility of becoming a reality
Precaution
the act of taking care in advance; refers to measures taken in advance in order to prevent harm
Precipitous
very steep or difficult to climb or overcome
Predispose
to dispose in advance of or to make susceptible to
Preexisting
the state of existing before or previous to something else
Primary
first in order; a rank of importance
Priority
the state of being before; coming first in order of date or position; a preferential rating
Prognosis
the possibility of recovery after the diagnosis of an illness or disease
Rationale
an explanation regarding the principles, opinions, beliefs, or practices held by a specific party
Recur
something that is revisited for consideration; a thought or idea that enters one’s mind for a second time
Renal
concerning the kidneys
Residual
a small part remaining after most is removed
Respiration
the act of breathing in and out of air
Restrict
to confine something or someone within specific limitations or boundaries
Retain
to keep in one’s possession; to maintain an item or person in security
Site
the physical location of a structure; the physical space reserved for a building; the place or scene of an occurrence
Status
the position or rank held in relation to others; a person or object’s condition with respect to circumstances
Strict
inflexible; maintained in such a manner that cannot be changed or altered
Subcutaneous
occurring, living, being situated, or applied under the skin
Sublingual
beneath the tongue
Supplement
an item that completes something else
Suppress
to restrain by authority or force; to omit something from memory; to keep from public knowledge
Symmetric
exhibiting symmetry; capable of being divided by a longitudinal plane into equal sections
Symptom
the evidence of a disease or illness; the presence of a symptom is indicative of something else
Syndrome
a group of symptoms that happen close together and suggest an illness or irregular condition
Therapeutic
concerning the treatment of an illness or irregular condition
Toxic
poisonous, damaging, and harmful to organisms; exhibiting symptoms of infection or toxicosis
Transdermal
passing through skin
Transmission
passing something from one place to another
Trauma
an injury done by an outside object
Triage
a system that helps to determine which patients need the most care by evaluating their condition and chances of responding positively to treatment
Ubiquitous
common, widespread, or present everywhere
Untoward
difficult to manage; marked by trouble or unpleasantness
Urinate
to expel urine
Vascular
concerning the blood vessels
Verbal
relating to or consisting of words; involving words rather than meaning or substance
Virulent
highly infective; producing extremely harmful or damaging results
Virus
a microscopic pathogen that replicates in living cells and can cause disease
Vital
necessary or essential to the existence of life
Void
not occupied or empty; of no legal force or effect
Volume
printed pages bound in a book form; space occupied by a three-dimensional form; degree of loudness
What is context?
This refers to how words are used in sentences.
It is from the Latin contextus, which means “together” and “to weave”.
What is a prefix?
This is a letter or group of letters placed at the beginning of a word that adjusts or qualifies the original root word’s meaning.
What is a suffix?
This is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to form another word.
The word created with the addition is either a different tense of the sa
Define etymology.
This is the study of the origin of a particular word, as well as how its meaning has changed over time.
Define absence.
Commonly occuring unnoticed in children, this is where the patient briefly loses consciousness, sometime starting off into space, unresponsive.
Describe anorexia.
This refers to lack of appetite.
Anorexia nervousa is an eating disorder characterized by a preoccupation
What is antispasmodic?
This is a drug used to treat muscle spasms.
Excessive thirst is a common side effect of this drug.
What is meant by atonic?
This is where the patient loses muscle tone completely throughout the body.
What is the definition of bereavement?
This is a period of mourning after the los of a loved one.
It can manifest as a variety of different conditions such as chest pain
What is a clonic seizure?
This is a type of seizure that involves the same jerking movements throughout the body.
Define delirium.
This is a condition involving agitation and confusion that causes a patient to lose focus and attention.
What is the definition of diabetic ketoacidosis?
This is a acidotic metabolic state in the body, resulting in an increased need to urinate (polyuria), and excsssive thirst (polydopsia), as well as nausea, abdominal pain, fruity-scented breath, and confusion.
What is polyuria?
An increased need to urinate.
What is polydopsia?
Excsssive thirst.
What is the definition of diabetic coma?
This is when the blood sugar becomes so high or so low that the patient loses consciousness.
What happens in a grand mal seizure?
This type of seizure causes the patient to go into a state of muscle rigidity, convulsions, and unconscioussness.
What is gastroesophageal reflux or acid reflux?
This is caused by stomach acid entering into the esophagus and it is a common cause of chest pain that can be mistaken for a heart attack.
What is hematemesis?
Blood in vomit.
What is hematochezia?
Rectal bleeding.
What is hematopoiesis?
Creation of new blood vessels.
What is hemotysis?
Coughing up blood.
What is hyperglycemia, and what are common causes?
This is blood sugar greater than 200mg/dL.
It may be caused by inadequate insulin and/or anti-diabetic medication m
Describe hypoglycemia and its causes.
This occurs when a patient’s blood sugar drops below 60mg/dL.
Patients may develop this if they have had too much insulin or have not
What is intellectualization?
This is a defense mechanism in which the patient focuses on thinking about their situation rather than acknowledging the associated emotions.
Define isokinetic exercises.
Strength exercise involving use of a machine.
Define isometric exercises.
Strength exercise involving resistance without joint motion.
Define isotonic exercises.
Strength exercise involving joint motion.
Define Meningitis.
This is an infection that causes inflammation of the fluids and membranes around the spinal cord and the brain.
Explain what a myocardial infarction is and list some common symptoms.
This is a heart attack.
Symptoms include crusing and severe chest pain. Their chest pain may be
Describe myoclonic.
This is when certain muscles make jerking movements.
What are neuropathic ulcers?
These are ulcers found in feet or toe areas.
Describe pleuritis.
This occurs when the pleura (lining of the lungs) and chest become inflamed.
This will cause a sharp sensation upoin breathing, coughing, or sneezin
What does stupor mean in a medical context?
This means that a person will awaken from sleep only upon painful stimuli but then return to sleep after the stimulus has discontinued.
What does undoing mean in a medical context?
This is a defense mechanism in which a person does something that they regret and then try to “undo” the action with the opposite action.
What does staging in a medical context refer to?
This refers to determining the size or spread of ulcers, cancer, etc.
What does it mean if a patient is somnolent?
These kinds of patients are very sleepy; they can be awakened but will return to sleep if left alone.
Describe tonic seizures.
These kinds of seizures are characterized by rigidity and overall stiffness of the muscles throughout the body.
When is an ulcer described as venous?
This type of ulcer is one found in the lower leg area caused by an issue with the blood flow through the veins.
What is the meaning of the italicized word in the following sentence?
The patient’s stomach appeared distended.
A. Enlarged or expanded
B. Sunken or concave
C. Soft and flaccid
D. Discolored or blotchy
A: A distended organ is bloated or swollen because of internal pressure.
What word meaning “open” best fits in the following sentence?
After the obstruction was removed, the patient’s bowel was ____________ .
A. Patent
B. Potent
C. Evident
D. Exude
A: In a medical context, a patent vessel is unobstructed and open.
What is the meaning of the italicized word in the following sentence?
The nurse reported that the patient experienced dyspnea and dizziness.
A. Difficutly sleeping
B. Difficulty breathing
C. Rapid pulse
D. Nasal discharge
B: The prefix *dys- *means dysfunctional or abnormal. In a medical context, -pnea refers to respiration and breathing.
What word meaning “so gradual that it is hardly apparent” best fits in t
The nurse explained that artherosclerosis and coronary artery disease often have an ____________ onset.
A. Precipitious
B. Insidious
C. Incipient
D. Paroxysmal
B: Insidious is the correct answer.
Precipitous means rapid or steep.
Incipient means emergent or a
What word meaning “produced in the body” best fits in the following sent
Endorphins are touted as acting as ____________ opioids, to help reduce pain.
A. Receptor
B. Synthetic
C. Exogenous
D. Endogenous
D: Endogenous is the correct answer.
The prefix endo- means “witin” or “containing,” and ‘genous means “origi
1 Mometrix
Which of the following is the best definition for the word benevolent?
a. Hostile
b. Indifferent
c. Kind
d. Malicious
C: Benevolent most nearly has the same meaning as kind.
2 Mometrix
Which of the following is the best definition of the word bore?
a. Amuse
b. Engage
c. Excite
d. Weary
D: Bore most nearly has the same meaning as weary.
3 Mometrix
Select the word the most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
Voter apathy is becoming widespread, causing an unprecedented low turnout in the previous election.
a. Empathy
b. Entusiasm
c. Indifference
d. Passion
C: Apathy most nearly has the same meaning as indifference.
4 Mometrix
Which of the following is the best definition of the word latent?
a. Active
b. Evident
c. Hidden
d. Obvious
C: Latent most nearly has the same meaning as hidden.
5 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
Her intelligence was congenital and was easily noticed from childhood to adulthood.
a. Acquired
b. Innate
c. Sporadic
d. Temporary
B: Congenital most nearly has the same meaning as innate.
6 Mometrix
Select the word the most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The funeral was filled with a melancholy attitude.
a. Indifferent
b. Joyful
c. Sorrowful
d. Vibrant
C: Melancholy most nearly has the same meaning as sorrowful.
7 Mometrix
Which of the following is the best definition of the word rationale?
a. Conclusion
b. Emotion
c. Impulse
d. Reasoning
D: Rationale most nearly has the same meaning as reasoning.
8 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The school curriculum will instill a love and appreciation of reading in young students.
a. Diminish
b. Disperse
c. Eradicate
d. Inculcate
D: Instill most nearly has the same meaning as inculate.
9 Mometrix
Which of the following is the best definition of the word discrete?
a. Continuous
b. Distinct
c. Random
d. Vague
B: Discrete most nearly has the same meaning as distinct.
10 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The team trailed by a large deficit of ten points but were determined to win.
a. Abudance
b. Excess
c. Shortfall
d. Surplus
C: Deficit most nearly has the same meaning as shortfall.
11 Mometrix
Which of the following is the best definition of the word concise?
a. Brief
b. Expansive
c. Rambling
d. Verbose
A: Concise most nearly has the same meaning as brief.
12 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
Chefs can enhance the flavors of their dishes by adding seasonings and ingredients.
a. Complicate
b. Deteriorate
c. Diminish
d. Improve
D: Enhance most nearly has the same meaning as improve.
13 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The virulent bacteria are very contagious and spread quickly.
a. Benign
b. Fragile
c. Resilient
d. Toxic
D: Virulent most nearly has the same meaning as toxic.
14 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The computer functioned with intermittent bursts of loading and glitching, impending its progress.
a. Constant
b. Continuous
c. Regular
d. Sporatic
D: Intermittent most nearly has the same meaning as sporadic.
15 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
Many athletes supplement their protein intake to support muscle growth.
a. Complicate
b. Diminish
c. Enhance
d. Substitute
C: Supplement most nearly has the same meaning as enhance.
16 Mometrix
Which of the following is the best definition of the word suppress?
a. Amplify
b. Encourage
c. Release
d. Stifle
D: Suppress most nearly has the same meaning as stifle.
17 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The obtuse symptoms of the disease left the doctor baffled.
a. Acute
b. Blunt
c. Sharp
d. Vague
Obtuse most nearly has the same meaning as blunt.
18 Mometrix
Which of the following is the best definition of the word perpetual?
a. Everlasting
b. Occassional
c. Temporary
d. Transient
A: Perpetual most nearly has the same meaning as everlasting.
19 Mometrix
Select the word the most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The environmental scientists began discovering the fatality of aquatic life after a toxic waste spill into the river.
a. Beneficial
b. Harmless
c. Nutritious
d. Poisonous
Toxic most nearly has the same meaning as poisonous.
20 Mometrix
Select the word the best completes the sentence.
The ____________ puppy was easy to train.
a. Aggressive
b. Defiant
c. Stubborn
d. Docile
D: The best word to fill in the blank is docile.
21 Mometrix
Select the word that best completes the sentence.
Due to a growing hip injury, the patient is not able to ____________ without assistance.
a. Glide
b. Sit
c. Stumble
d. Ambulate
D: The best word to fill in the blank is ambulate.
22 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The rocket utilizes a prodigious amount of fuel to escape the Earth’s atmosphere.
a. Moderate
b. Ordinary
c. Remarkable
d. Trivial
C: Prodigious most nearly has the same meaning as remarkable.
23 Mometrix
Select the word that best completes the sentence.
The speaker used ____________ references instead of common terms, which confused the listeners.
a. Clear
b. Common
c. Obscure
d. Obvious
C: The best word to fill in the blank is obscure.
24 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The sickly patient had become so weak that is vpoce was barely audible.
a. Hearing
b. Inaudible
c. Tangible
d. Visible
A: Audible most nearly has the same meaning as hearing.
25 Mometrix
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
Voters quickly saw through the candidate’s nebulous claims and promises.
a. Ambiguous
b. Clear
c. Obscure
d. Vague
D: Nebulous most nearly has the same meaning as vague.
Mometrix 26
Select the word the best completes the sentence.
The business attempted to ____________ the negative effects of the market by innovating new products.
a. Mitigate
b. Complicate
c. Exacerbate
d. Intensify
The best word to fill in the blank is mitigate.
Mometrix 27
What is the best definition of the word bore?
a. Amuse
b. Engage
c. Excite
d. Weary
D: Bore most nearly has the same meaning as weary.
Mometerix 28
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The doctor instructed that the patient remain in a recumbent position while recovering from surgery.
a. Active
b. Reclining
c. Stationary
d. Upright
B: Recumbent most nearly has the same meaning as reclining.
Mometrix 29
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The restaurant’s menu had a plethora of options including chicken, beef, and pork dishes.
a. Abundance
b. Limitation
c. Scarcity
d. Selection
A: Plethora most nearly has the same meaning as abundance.
Mometrix 30
Which of the following is the best definition of the word overt?
a. Covert
b. Hidden
c. Open
d. Subtle
C: Overt most nearly has the same meaning as open.
Mometrix 31
Which of the following is the best definition of the word alleviate?
a. Complicate
b. Exacerbate
c. Ignore
d. Relieve
D: Alleviate most nearly has the same meaning as relieve.
Mometrix 32
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The new state legislation pose to exacerbate the already economically feeble business.
a. Aggravate
b. Alleviate
c. Clarify
d. Mitigate
A: Exacerbate most nearly has the same meaning as aggravate.
Mometrix 33
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
Although they are poisonous, pythons are able to hunt by constricting their prey with their long bodies.
a. Expanded
b. Narrowed
c. Relaxed
d. Unfolded
B: Constricted most nearly has the same meaning as narrowed.
Mometrix 34
Which of the following is the best definition of the word myopic?
a. Insightful
b. Farsighted
c. Short-sided
d. Visionary
C: Myopic most nearly has the same meaning as short-sighted.
Mometrix 35
Which of the following is the best definition of the word rationale?
a. Conclusion
b. Emotion
c. Impulse
d. Reasoning
D: Rationale most nearly has the same meaning as reasoning.
Mometrix 36
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
During the meeting, two councilmen decided to abstain from voting because they did not want to support or oppose the proposition.
a. Engage
b. Indulge
c. Participate
d. Refrain
D: Abstain most nearly has the same meaning as refrain.
Mometrix 37
Which of the following is the best definition of the word impair?
a. Damange
b. Enhance
c. Improve
d. Restore
A: Impair most nearly has the same meaning as damage.
Mometrix 38
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The authorities requested an orderly evacuation after discovering the impending natural disaster.
a. Approaching
b. Distant
c. Irrelevant
d. Unexpected
A: Impending most nearly has the same meaning as approaching.
Mometrix 39
Select the word the best completes the sentence.
The doctor attempted to ____________ the complaining patient by giving stronger pain medication.
a. Agitate
b. Disturb
c. Excite
d. Pacify
The best word to fill in the blank is pacify.
Mometrix 40
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The obtuse symptoms of the disease left the doctor baffled.
a. Acute
b. Blunt
c. Sharp
d. Vague
B: Obtuse most nearly has the same meaning as blunt.
Mometrix 41
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The advertisement attempts to create a visceral reaction in viewers, making them ignore logic and reason.
a. Analytical
b. Emotional
c. Intuitive
d. Superficial
C: Visceral most nearly has the same meaning a intuitive.
Mometrix 42
Select the word that most closely matches the definition of the italicized word.
The rocket uses a prodigious
