Vocabulary

Question 0

A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes

Answer 0

Trait

Question 1

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Answer 1

Heredity

Question 2

The scientific study of heredity

Answer 2

Genetics

Question 3

The joining of sperm and egg

Answer 3

Fertilization

Question 4

The offspring of many generations that have the same traits

Answer 4

Purebred

Question 5

Set of information that controls a trait, a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

Answer 5

Gene

Question 6

The different forms of a gene

Answer 6

Alleles

Question 7

An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present

Answer 7

Dominant Allele

Question 8

An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present

Answer 8

Recessive Allele

Question 9

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait, an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait

Answer 9

Hybrid

Question 10

A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross

Answer 10

Punnett Square

Question 11

An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits

Answer 11

Phenotype

Question 12

An organism’s genetic makeup or allele combinations

Answer 12

Genotype

Question 13

Having two identical alleles for a trait

Answer 13

Homozygous

Question 14

Having two different alleles for a trait

Answer 14

Heterozygous

Question 15

A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive

Answer 15

Codominance

Question 16

A reproductive process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

Answer 16

Sexual Reproduction

Question 17

Describes a cell that has two sets of chromosomes, which differs from both parents

Answer 17

Diploid

Question 18

The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells by which number of chromosomes is reduced by half

Answer 18

Meiosis

Question 19

RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm

Answer 19

Messenger RNA

Question 20

RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain

Answer 20

Transfer RNA

Question 21

A change in a gene or chromosome

Answer 21

Mutation