Vocabulary Flashcards
Phonemes
a sound or group of different sounds (p, b, d, t)
The sound /k/ can be spelled with the graphemes /c/, /k/, or /ck/
Phonological awareness continuum
word, syllable, onset and rime, and phoneme
Orthographic
Spelling
The ability to identify patterns of specific letters as words, eventually leading to word recognition.
Phonemic awareness
Ability to identify individual sounds
(blending & segmenting)
Phonograms
The letter symbols that comprise a sound.
(the /b/ in the word “boy” is made up of a single letter ‘b’)
Grapheme
a letter group of letters that represents a single phoneme
(the grapheme /ea/ in the word “team” represents the sound /ee/)
Semantic clues
Consider the meaning of the words and sentences that surround the unknown word.
(may be found in multiple sentences surrounding the unknown word)
Syntactic clues
Word order, grammar rules, and punctuation that help readers and listeners understand the meaning of words in a sentence.
(rely on sentence structure and draw mainly from the sentence that contains the unknown word)
Structural clue
The parts of a word that help determine its meaning, or the clues in the structure of a text.
Rimes
The part of a word that includes the vowel and any consonant sounds that follow it
(for the word “bug” the onset is the /b/ and the rime is the /ug/)
Onset
The initial consonant sound, digraph, or blend that comes before a vowel sound (the /b/ in “bug” is the onset)
Suffix
A letter or group of letters (-ly or -ness), which is added to the end of a word to form a different word.
Affixes
Word-parts that change the meaning of the words they attach to.
(“un-“ for when you’re not happy)
Morphemic
The process of identifying the individual units of meaning with a word.
(prefixes, suffixes, or root words)
Open syllables
a syllable that ends with a long vowel sound and is spelled with a single vowel letter
(me, go, hi, no, she, he, we, so)
Phonics
Matching the sounds of spoken English with individual letters or groups of letters.
Derivational suffix
A word ending that changes the meaning of a word or its part of speech
(adding the suffix “-ion” to the word “instruct” creates the noun “instruction”
Prosodic reading skills
Reading with expression. Using the voice to convey meaning and emotion
(rhythm, emphasis, pauses, etc.)
Expository texts
Informational text/ non-fiction
Metacognitive
The ability to think about one’s own reading process and use techniques to monitor and control comprehension.
(think about their thinking as they read)
Literary Device
Metaphors, similes, personification, allegories, foreshadowing, irony, etc.
Denotations
The literal meaning of a word
Idiomatic
A phrase or expression with a figurative meaning thats different from the literal meanings of the word in it.
(break the ice, cut corners, piece of cake)
Demonstrative Pronouns
“this” “that” “these” and “those”
Indefinite pronouns
A pronoun that refers to a person, thing, or amount in a general (all, any, anyone, anything, each, everybody, everyone, everything, few, and many)
Expository writing
Type of writing that is used to give information and uses evidence and facts to support the topic.
Inferential
Ability to understand the implied meaning of a text by using clues and critical thinking skills.
Norm-referenced
A term used to describe tests or evaluations that compare a student’s performance to a group of peers. (SAT’s, IQ tests, tests that graded on a curve)
Anecdotal data
A type of evidence that is based on personal experiences, observations, or descriptions, and is collected in a non-systematic way (product or restaurant review)
Consolidated alphabetic
A stage of reading development when children begin to recognize words by letter patterns and chunks, rather than sounding out each letter.
Syntax
The study of how words, phrases, and clauses are arranged to form sentences and the grammatical rules that govern them.
(children develop syntactic awareness through exposure to oral language and written language that read aloud or read independently.)
Heterogeneous groups
An educational practice that places students with different abilities, backgrounds, and interests in the same learning group.
Homogeneous groups
A teaching strategy that involves placing students with similar abilities, learning styles, or need into the same group.
