vocabulary

Question 1

atomic radius

Answer 1

distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell

Question 2

pauli exclusion principle

Answer 2

no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers

Question 3

cation

Answer 3

A cation is a positively charged ion that is formed when an atom loses one or more electrons.

Question 4

spectrum

Answer 4

range of different wavelengths of light emitted or absorbed by substances

Question 5

electronegativity

Answer 5

measure of an atoms ability to attract and hold onto electrons in a chemical bond

Question 6

electrons

Answer 6

negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom

Question 7

group

Answer 7

vertical column on the periodic table

Question 8

electron configuration

Answer 8

how electrons are arranged in an atoms orbitals

Question 9

ionization energy

Answer 9

energy needed to remove an electron from an atom in its gas state

Question 10

electron affinity

Answer 10

amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom in gas state

Question 11

metal

Answer 11

shiny, malleable solid that conducts heat n electricity well, usually forms positive ions (cations) in reactions

Question 12

energy levels

Answer 12

quantized regions around an atoms nucelus where electrons are found

Question 13

molecule

Answer 13

group of two or more atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound

Question 14

nonmetal

Answer 14

element that typically doesnt conduct heat or electricity well n often brittle

Question 15

orbital

Answer 15

region around an atoms nucleus where electrons are likely to be found

Question 16

period

Answer 16

horizontal row in the periodic table, representing elements with the same number of shells

Question 17

ground state

Answer 17

lowest energy state of an atom, where its electrons r in the closest possible configuration to the nucleus

Question 18

transition metal

Answer 18

element in the d-block of the periodic tble, known for having d electrons n forming many oxidation states

Question 19

what r the different letters

Answer 19

s - sharp
p - principle
d - diffuse
f - fundamental

Question 20

John dalton theory

Answer 20

(1803)
1 - elements made up of small indivisible atoms
2 - atoms can’t be created or destroyed

Question 21

Ernest Rutherford

Answer 21

(1914)
1 - Atoms have small, dense positively charged nucleus at centre w electrons orbiting.
2 - atom mostly empty space

Question 22

Niels Bohr

Answer 22

(1921)
1 - electrons travel in fixed orbits around the nucleus, each orbit corresponds w specific energy level
2 - energy of electrons r quantized, electrons only exist in specific energy states