Vocabulary

Question 1

highly modified shoot bearing specialized reproductive appendages derived from modified leaves

Answer 1

flower

Question 2

floral tissue supported by stem tissue

Answer 2

receptacle

Question 3

distinctive uppermost leaf, different shape and lacks pediole

Answer 3

bract

Question 4

stalk of an individual flower, usually from the axil of a modified leave with/without a modified leaf (bract)

Answer 4

pedicel

Question 5

protective, colourful structures
- nonreproductive, sterile

Answer 5

perianth

Question 6

male parts

Answer 6

androecium

Question 7

female parts

Answer 7

gynoecium

Question 8

extension of petals for pollen

Answer 8

nectaries

Question 9

extra showy parts to attract pollenators

Answer 9

corona

Question 10

when similar parts are separate (apo-)

Answer 10

distinct

Question 11

unlike parts are separate (across several floral rings)

Answer 11

free

Question 12

similar parts are fused (syn- or sym-)

Answer 12

connate

Question 13

unlike parts are fused (stamen attached to petals) (epi-)

Answer 13

adnate

Question 14

the stamens and other floral parts are situated below the carpels

Answer 14

hypogynous

Question 15

the stamens and other floral parts are at the same level as the carpels

Answer 15

perigynous

Question 16

cup-like receptacle, loosely surrounding or connecting to the gynoecium

Answer 16

hypanthium

Question 17

the ovary is enclosed in the receptacle, with the stamens and other floral parts situated above

Answer 17

epigynous

Question 18

visible

Answer 18

conspicuous

Question 19

attachment of the ovules to the ovary

Answer 19

placentation

Question 20

chamber in the ovule

Answer 20

locule

Question 21

organ that forms the seeds of plants

Answer 21

ovule

Question 22

a single ovule is attached at the base of the ovary

Answer 22

basal placentation

Question 23

a single locule ovary becomes bilocular due to the formation of a false septum

Answer 23

parietal placentation

Question 24

ovules are arranged along the axis of a multi-locule ovary

Answer 24

axile placentation

Question 25

uni-locule ovary has ovules attached in the center

Answer 25

free central placentation

Question 26

ovule is attached at the top of a single locule ovary

Answer 26

apical placentation

Question 27

flower w perianth, androecium, and gynoecium

Answer 27

complete

Question 28

flower lacking either perianth, androecium, or gynoecium

Answer 28

incomplete

Question 29

fertile androecium/gynoecium present

Answer 29

bisexual/perfect

Question 30

a fertile androecium OR gynoecium present (NOT both)

Answer 30

unisexual/imperfect

Question 31

staminate + carpellate flowers on the same plant

Answer 31

monoecious

Question 32

staminate + carpellate flowers on different plant

Answer 32

dioecious

Question 33

has both uni- + bisexual flowers

Answer 33

polygamous

Question 34

shoot system which forms the flowers

Answer 34

inflorescences

Question 35

the shoot axis ends in a flower - the terminal flower usually opens first

Answer 35

determinate fluorescence

Question 36

only lateral flowers/inflorescences produced - the growing point does not end in a flower - the oldest flowers open first

Answer 36

indeterminate fluorescence

Question 37

a mature ovule with an embryo and nutritive tissues

Answer 37

seed

Question 38

embryonic root

Answer 38

radicle

Question 39

embryonic shoot

Answer 39

epicotyl

Question 40

seed leaves

Answer 40

cotyledons

Question 41

a mature ovary (may include other fused floral parts)

Answer 41

fruit

Question 42

fruit wall

Answer 42

pericarp

Question 43

opens at maturity

Answer 43

dehiscent

Question 44

doesn't open at maturity

Answer 44

indehiscent

Question 45

dry, indehiscent, thin wall surrounding seed (sunflower)

Answer 45

achene

Question 46

fleshy, indehiscent, one/many seeds

Answer 46

berry

Question 47

dry, dehiscent from a multicarpellate gynoecium

Answer 47

capsule

Question 48

dry, indehiscent, thin wall fused to seed

Answer 48

caryopsis

Question 49

fleshy, indehiscent, with one or more hard pits

Answer 49

drupe

Question 50

dry, from a single carpel, opening along 2 sutures

Answer 50

legume

Question 51

dry, indehiscent, thick wall surrounding a single seed

Answer 51

nut

Question 52

fleshy, indehiscent, with the centre containing papery structures enclosing the seeds

Answer 52

pome

Question 53

dry, indehiscent, winged fruit w/usually one seed

Answer 53

samara

Question 54

from a 2-carpellate gynoecium, the 2 halves split away from the centre partition to shed the seeds

Answer 54

silique

Question 55

unalike petals (from fused petals) - characteristic of Fabaceae family

Answer 55

keel

Question 56

base of compound leaf, leaf-like projection w different shape than leaflets

Answer 56

stipule

Question 57

Grass stem

Answer 57

culm

Question 58

Continually recurring plants (yearly, seasonal)

Answer 58

perennial

Question 59

Shoot formed through activity of single active apical meristem

Answer 59

monopodial

Question 60

shoots formed through several axillary meristems

Answer 60

sympodial

Question 61

growing erect (straight up)

Answer 61

orthotropic

Question 62

growing horizontally

Answer 62

plagiotropic

Question 63

Axillary shoot that develops from a bud that shows a period of dormancy, often w/bud scale scars at the base (tree) - bud forms, growth ceases, bud breaks

Answer 63

proleptic

Question 64

The bud elongates at the same time as the shoot on which it is born, often lacks bud scale scars

Answer 64

sylleptic

Question 65

Above-ground horizontal stems

Answer 65

stolons

Question 66

Below-ground horizontal stems

Answer 66

rhizomes

Question 67

A swollen, fleshy rhizome for water and carb storage

Answer 67

tuber

Question 68

Short, erect, underground stem, covered w thin dry leaves (gladiolus)

Answer 68

corm

Question 69

A short, erect, underground stem, covered with thick fleshy leaves

Answer 69

bulb

Question 70

An erect, leafless stem, usually of one internode, supporting the flower

Answer 70

scape (dandilion)

Question 71

Reduced, sharp pointed stem

Answer 71

thorn

Question 72

Modified sharp leaf, generally smaller than thorns

Answer 72

spine (cacti)

Question 73

Modified sharp epidermal hair

Answer 73

Prickle

Question 74

elongated cluster of single-sex flowers bearing scaly bracts and usually lacking petals

Answer 74

catkin

Question 75

parasitic root

Answer 75

haustorial

Question 76

roots descend from the canopy

Answer 76

arial

Question 77

rooms stem up and out from plagiotropic roots - any root that forms from non-root tissue

Answer 77

adventitious

Question 78

cell that produces latex

Answer 78

laticifers

Question 79

a dry, dehiscent fruit 2(+) carpels that split into 1-seed segments

Answer 79

schizocarp

Question 80

one of the 2 carpels that form a schizocarp (resembles achene)

Answer 80

mericarp