Vocabulary Flashcards
Anergia
Lack of energy
Anhedonia
Inability to find pleasure in things they used to enjoy
Asociality
Social withdrawal
Avolition
Lack of follow through/no motivation
Alogia
Poverty of speech (few words)
Affective blunting
Minimal facial expressions
Aphasia
Can’t find the right word
Agnosia
Don’t recognize familiar objects anymore
Apraxia
Loss of purposeful movement—basic skills
Anosognosia
No knowledge of illness—DENIAL
Apathy
loss of initiative (withdrawal from activities)
Alexithymia
Difficulty expressing/identifying emotions
Akathisia
Type of restless EPS
Amenorrhea
NO menstrual cycle
Excelling
often viewed as mental wellness, or the absences of mental illness symptoms – client describes as well-being (NO identifiable stressors)
Thriving
although experience stress, stress does not cause significant daily impairment - client can resolve stressors (dissolve stressors with coping skills)
Surviving
not a state of distress but it is a state in which problems may need actions – client describes as feeling ‘on the edge’ (OK but not having a good time)
Struggling
may be significant struggle including worry and misery in daily living– client may feel sense of worthlessness (negative functional impairments/feelings)
Crisis
state of severe clinical manifestations of mental illness – client experiencing disruption in living and functioning
Genetic link
such as a parent with a mental illness (ex. Schizophrenia)
Genetic factors
You cannot change
- Intellectual disability is a genetic factor.
- Other factors related to genetics can include gender, race, and age.
Social factors
things you may not be able to change and are based on those around you
- Physical abuse and job stress are social factors.
- Other factors related to social conditions can include education, job opportunities, social support systems, housing conditions, and family dynamics.
Environmental factors
are related to basic necessities and how they impact an individual.
- Water, social inequality, and natural disasters are factors related to the environment.
- Other environmental factors can include war, pollutants in the air, food, and climate.
Public stigma
When there is a negative attitude or discredit against an individual or identifiable group in which the individual or group is labeled as being different.
Self stigma
When an individual adopts a negative view or internalized shame regarding their condition.
Institutional stigma
When governmental policies or organizations limit opportunities for those with mental illness; this can be both intentional and unintentional.
Implicit bias
when the bias occurs outside of one’s conscious awareness (unaware)
Explicit bias
which is intentionally displaying behaviors of discrimination toward someone (aware)
A trusted nurse
will act with integrity, show respect, and have humility in the delivery of client care.
Inclusive nurse
embraces the diversity of each client
Innovative nurse
will be open to change and being able to use creativity to strive for excellence
Empowered nurse
uses decision-making with optimism and joy to solve problems for clients
Mental Health Parity
These laws require insurance companies and health plans that provide coverage for mental illnesses do so in the same manner as other illnesses
Client’s Right to Refuse Treatment
A psychiatrist or qualified provider must petition the court for the ability to treat a client involuntarily.
HIPAA
All clients, regardless of their diagnosis, have a right to keep their health information confidential. The privacy rule in mental health adds protection for clients who have a mental illness. This means that psychotherapy notes are given extra protection due to the sensitive nature of the information.
Cultural Humility
The practice of trying to appreciate and respect another individual’s culture and the role it plays in the individual’s life and health practices.
Task requirements (nurse factors)
skills needed, number of staff required, complexity of tasks
Risk assessment (nurse factors)
identifying, finding, and removing any risks for harm and promotingsafety and well-being
Nurse specific (nurse factors)
Consider needed knowledge, skill, or specialized training to address the client’s needs
Nurse Characteristics (nurse factors)
Consider self, including attitude, thoughts, bias in caring for this client, as well as level of experience
Nurse Cognitive-Load
Consider stress level, ability to problem-solve, and memory
ADPIE
Assessment : recognize cues
Diagnosis : Analyze cues and prioritize hypothesis
Planning : generate solutions
Implement : take actions
Evaluation : evaluate incomes
Mental Status Exam (MSE)
- Vital signs for the brain
- Makes sure your brain is functioning
Appearance (MSE)
How the client looks, including grooming, hygiene, and attention to detail
Alertness (MSE)
What is the client’s level of consciousness? Are they arousable or can they focus on the conversation? What is their attention span like?
Behaviors (MSE)
What is the client’s level of activity? Are they cooperative? Aggressive or agitated? What is their interaction with the nurse/staff like? Cooperation?
Motor (MSE)
Any abnormal movements? Psychomotor retardation, gait, catatonia?
Speech (MSE)
What is their speech like including tone, rate, clarity, volume, and amount?
Mood (MSE)
What is their overall emotional state? (Such as happy or sad) Is this mood appropriate for the current situation?
Affect (MSE)
How does their expression of feelings appear to the nurse? Such as angry, calm, agitated, fearful, hopeless, hostile, or flat (unchanged or without emotions)?
Thought process (MSE)
This is the way the client thinks. Are thoughts orderly and logical or disorganized and illogical?
Though content (MSE)
Describe what the client is thinking about. Does the client have thoughts of self-or other-directed harm?
Perception or Insight (MSE)
Does the client understand their current situation, medical or mental health condition? Is there any evidence of delusions or hallucinations?
Cognition (MSE)
Is the client oriented to self, others, place, location, or situation? What is the client’s intellectual capacity for understanding?
Judgement (MSE)
Determining if the client can make appropriate decisions or problem solve
Thought blocking
An interruption in the flow of speech due to the intrusion of distracting thoughts
Looseness of associations
Lack of clarity of logical connection between one thought and the next
Perseveration
Persistence of a single word or phrase in response to various questions
Echolalia
Repeating exactly whatever is heard
Echoproxia
Mimicking of behaviors
Neologism
The coinage of new words, each of which has a special meaning for the person
Flight of ideas
Rapid verbal skipping from one idea to the next
Tangentially
Loss of goal direction in communication; failure to address the original point
Circumstantiality
Inclusion of many nonessential details in a response
Clang Association
Client responding by rhyming, e.g., play ball, call, fall, tail
Word salad
Mixture of words and phrases that lack comprehensive meaning or logical coherence
Insight
You have a good understand that something is NOT GOOD for you
Judgement
Impaired when you physically act on things that are not good for you
Visuospatial proficiency
Perception of objects and ability to handle them within space
Executive functioning
Ability to order and use specific cognitive functions to perform tasks necessary for day-to-day functioning
Trust
Believing a characteristic to be true in something or someone.
Rapport
A characteristic of a relationship when there is a mutual perception of understanding and transparency
Peplau
Identifies the nurse as having the ability to reduce client anxiety related to needs and develop a plan of action to improve health
Bias
An unconscious or conscious association that is founded on previous experience or influence from one’s culture
Boundary blurring
When the roles in a relationship become unclear
Transference (Freudian concept)
The unconscious effort on behalf of the client to redirect their previously-experienced feelings or emotions toward the nurse
Countertransference (Freudian concept)
The unconscious effort on behalf of the nurse to redirect their previously experienced feelings or emotions toward the client
Congruence
a person’s ideal self and reality self are similar
Open-ended statements (OARS technique)
allow the client to elaborate on what is important to them in their own words
Affirmations (OARS technique)
are used best while speaking about specific, observed client strengths, as it builds engagement and trust
Reflecting (OARS technique)
provides an opportunity to clarify thoughts or feelings
- A simple reflection uses some element of what the client said.
- A complex reflection is similar to taking an educated guess on how the client is feeling.
Summary (OARS technique)
providing a clarifying consolidation of what the patient has said, and addressing the impact of the information
Client health literacy (barrier to communication)
The use of complicated vocabulary or clinical jargon is a barrier to effective therapeutic communication
Diversity
In a nursing context, this term refers to the qualities of a client that differs from that of the nurse
Equity
In a nursing context, this term refers to ensuring that the client has equal opportunity to initiate and continue fair treatment.
Inclusion
In a nursing context, this term refers to placing value and respecting each person’s input in navigating care decisions
Mental Health continuum
A range of mental health functioning with adaptive (wellness, health coping) on one end of the spectrum and maladaptive (illness, unhealthy coping, or an inability to cope) on the other end of the spectrum. It is influenced by the individual’s response to factors including behaviors, emotions, cognition, and physical adaptation.
- Excelling- often viewed as mental wellness, or the absences of mental illness symptoms – client describes as well-being
- Thriving – although experience stress, stress does not cause significant daily impairment - client can resolve stressors
- Surviving – not a state of distress but it is a state in which problems may need actions – client describes as feeling ‘on the edge’
- Struggling – may be significant struggle including worry and misery in daily living– client may feel sense of worthlessness
- Crisis – state of severe clinical manifestations of mental illness – client experiencing disruption in living and functioning
