VOCABULARY Flashcards
Alleviation
/əˌlɪvɪˈeɪʃn/
sự làm nhẹ đi, giảm nhẹ đi (n)
The act of making something bad such as pain or problems less severe.
Eg: the alleviation of poverty.
Severe
/sɪˈvɪə/
Khốc liệt, dữ dội (a)
Very serious
Eg: a severe attack of toothache
Beetle
/ˈbɪtl/
bọ cánh cứng
An insect with a hard shell-like back
Catastrophe
/kəˈtæs.trə.fi/
Tai ương, thảm họa (n)
a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction
Eg: They were warned of the ecological catastrophe to come
Climax
/ˈklaɪ.mæks/
Cao trào (n)
the most important or exciting point in a story or situation, especially when this happens near the end
Eg: The climax of the air show was a daring flying display.
Clumsily
/ˈklʌmzi/
một cách vụng về (adv)
in a way that is not careful and controlled, and makes you likely to have accidents
Eg: He tripped clumsily on the rug and fell flat on his face.
Condemn
/kənˈdem/
Kết tội (v)
to criticize something or someone strongly, usually for moral reasons.
Eg: The terrorist action has been condemned as an act of barbarism and cowardice.
Denounce
/dɪˈnaʊns/
Tố cáo, tố giác, vạch mặt (v)
to criticize something or someone strongly and publicly.
Eg: The government’s economic policy has been denounced on all sides.
Converse
(a) trái ngược, nghịch đảo
Eg: they hold converse opinions.
(v) nói chuyện
( to converse with somebody about something ; to converse together )
Eg: she sat conversing with the Prime Minister.
Deposit
/dɪˈpɒz.ɪt/
Đặt cọc (v)
Eg: The shop promised to keep the goods for me if I paid a deposit.
Làm cho bùn, phù sa lắng xuống
Eg: The Nile floods the fields and deposits mud on them.
Enhancement
/ɪnˈhɑːns.mənt/
Sự nâng cao (n)
the process of improving the quality, amount, or strength of something.
Eg: memory enhancement
Evaporation
/ɪˌvæp.əˈreɪ.ʃən/
Sự bay hơi, sự làm khô (n)
the process of a liquid changing to a gas, especially by heating.
Eg: Ice cover prevents evaporation of water from the lake surface.
Exacerbate
/ɪɡˈzæs.ə.beɪt/
Làm trầm trọng, làm cáu tiết (v)
to make something that is already bad even worse.
Eg: This attack will exacerbate the already tense relations between the two communities.
Exonerate
/ɪɡˈzɒn.ə.reɪt/
Miễn cho ai (nhiệm vụ gì…)
Giải tội cho (ai)
to show or state that someone or something is not guilty of something.
(exonerate someone from something)
Eg: The report exonerated the crew from all responsibility for the collision.
Collision
/kəˈlɪʒn/
Sự va chạm, sự xung đột
an accident that happens when two vehicles hit each other with force.
Eg: There has been a collision on the southbound stretch of the motorway.
Glacier
/ˈɡlæsiə(r)/
Sông băng (n)
a large mass of ice that moves slowly
Heat-insulated
/hi:tˈɪnsəˌleɪtədid/
Ngành công nghiệp (n)
Heat-released
/hi:trɪˈlisd/
Thuộc ngành công nghiệp (a)
Heat-related
/hi:trɪˈleɪtid/
Cần cù, siêng năng (a)
Incidence
/ˈɪnsədəns/
Sự tác động, phạm vi ảnh hưởng (n)
the rate at which something, especially a disease, happens.
(incidence of)
Eg: They found an increased incidence of cancer near nuclear power stations.
Indication
/ˌɪndəˈkeɪʃn/
Sự biểu lộ, dấu hiệu (n)
a sign that something exists, is true, or is likely to happen.
- indication (that)
Eg: There are few indications (that) the economy is on an upswing. - indication of
Eg: Helen’s face gave no indication of what she was thinking.
Inland
ˌɪnˈlænd
Vùng nội địa (n)
in the middle of a country, away from the sea.
Eg: The Black Sea is a large inland sea.
Mitigate
/ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/
Sự làm nhẹ, làm giảm bớt (v)
to make something less harmful, unpleasant, or bad.
Eg: It is unclear how to mitigate the effects of tourism on the island.
Permafrost
/ˈpɜː.mə.frɒst/
Sự đóng băng vĩnh viễn
an area of land that is permanently frozen below the surface
Imperatively
/ɪmˈper.ə.tɪv.li/
Một cách khẩn cấp (adv)
in a way that is extremely important or urgent.
Eg: He found that the interests of safety and welfare imperatively required action.
Prevalence
/ˈprevələns/
Sự phổ biến, sự thịnh hành (n)
the fact that something is very common or happens often.
Eg: the prevalence of smoking among teenagers
Recklessly
/ˈrek.ləs.li/
Một cách liều lĩnh (adv)
in a way that is dangerous and shows that you are not thinking about the risks and possible results of your behaviour.
Eg: She spends her money recklessly.
Reverse
/rɪˈvɜːs/
Đảo ngược (v)
to change the direction, order, position, result, etc. of something to its opposite.
Eg: The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company’s fortunes.
Sparingly
/ˈspeərɪŋli/
Một cách dè xẻn, thanh đạm, sơ sài (adv)
in small amounts, or without wasting any.
Eg: There wasn’t enough coal during the war, so we had to use it sparingly.
Substitute
/ˈsʌb.stɪ.tʃuːt/
Thay thế
to use something or someone instead of another thing or person.
- substitute something for something Eg: You can substitute oil for butter (= use oil instead of butter) in this recipe.
- substitute sth with sth
Eg: You can substitute the wheat flour with almond flour (= use almond flour instead of wheat flour). - be substituted for
Eg: He made his film debut when he was substituted for the actor who was originally cast.
Supremely
/suːˈpriːm.li/
Tột cùng (adv)
extremely
Eg: The coach is supremely confident that his team will reach the finals.
Inspection
/ɪnˈspekʃn/
Sự thanh tra, sự xem xét kĩ (n)
the act of looking at something carefully, or an official visit to a building or organization to check that everything is correct and legal.
- on closer inspection
Eg: Her passport seemed legitimate, but on closer inspection, it was found to have been altered.
-carry out/make an inspection
Eg: She arrived to carry out/make a health and safety inspection of the building.
Thaw
/θɔː/
Làm tan (v)
to (cause to) change from a solid, frozen state to a liquid or soft one, because of an increase in temperature.
Eg: Allow the meat to thaw completely before cooking it.
(To) thaw s.o
Làm cho ai mạnh dạn, cởi mở
Accuse sb of doing st = blame sb for doing st
buộc tội ai vì đã làm gì
Eg: He was accused of having broken the vase.
Be suspected of doing st
nghi ngờ làm gì
Eg: He was suspected of having received presents from the local companies and ignored their violations of the environmental law.
Clear evidence
bằng chứng rõ ràng
Eg: With clear evidence, his company couldn’t deny having dumped a large quantity of toxins into the sea.
Criticize to sb for doing st = reproach sb for doing st
chỉ trích ai vì đã làm gì
In the absence of st
thiếu cái gì
Pledge
/pledʒ/
vật làm tin, vật thế chấp (n)
Eg: to put /hold something in pledge
lời hứa trịnh trọng, lời cam kết; lời thề(n)
Eg: to give a pledge never to reveal the secret
Pledge to do st
cam kết làm gì
Sentence
/ˈsentəns/
lời tuyên án; bản án (n)
Eg: to be under sentence of death
- to sentence sb to sth
kết án, tuyên án
Eg: to sentence someone to a year’s imprisonment
Power plant
Nhà máy điện (n)
A power station
Eg: environmental groups are putting pressure on governments to take actions to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide which is given off by factories and power plants, thus attacking the problem at its source.
Grain
/ɡreɪn/
Thóc, gạo, ngũ cốc ( những hạt nhỏ)
a seed or seeds from a plant, especially a plant like a grass such as rice or wheat
Eg: grains of wheat/rice
Wheat
/wiːt/
Cây lúa mì
a plant whose yellowish-brown grain is used for making flour, or the grain itself
Eg: wheat fields
Interfere
/ˌɪn.təˈfɪər/
Can thiệp, xen vào (v)
- to involve yourself in a situation when your involvement is not wanted or is not helpful
Eg: It’s their problem and I’m not going to interfere.
- to interfere with sth: cản trở
Eg: who’s been interfering with the torch? It gives no more lights. - to interfere with sb: quấy rầy
Eg: Don’t interfere with me when i’m consulting a dictionary. - to interfere in sth: can thiệp, xen vào
Devastate
/ˈdev.ə.steɪt/
Tàn phá, phá hủy (v)
to destroy a place or thing completely or cause great damage
Alarmingly=Worryingly
/əˈlɑː.mɪŋ.li/=/ˈwʌr.i.ɪŋ.li/
in a way that causes worry or fear
Eg: The changes currently being monitored are said to be the result not of natural causes, but of human activity. Futhermore, the rate of change is becoming alarmingly (worryingly) rapid.
Diminish
/dɪˈmɪn.ɪʃ/
Làm giảm bớt, thu nhỏ (v)
to reduce or be reduced in size or importance
Eg: I don’t want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help.
Grazing
/ˈɡreɪzɪŋ/
Sự chăn thả (n)
Eg: grazing land (đồng cỏ cho súc vật)
Degrade
/dɪˈɡreɪd/
Làm suy thoái, giảm giá trị (v)
Degrade ecosystems/habitats/the environment
làm suy thoái hệ sinh thái/môi trường sống
