Vocabulary

Question 1

Channel Protein

Answer 1

Permits simple diffusion of solutes in aqueous solution

Question 2

Enzyme

Answer 2

Catalyzes a chemical reaction in which covalent bonds are made or broken

Question 3

Myoglobin

Answer 3

Protein in muscles that holds oxygen

Question 4

Genomics

Answer 4

Study of genomes of organisms

Question 5

Transcriptomics

Answer 5

Study of which genes are being transcribed to make mRNA and the rates at which they are transcribed

Question 6

Proteomics

Answer 6

Study of proteins being synthesized by cells and tissues

Question 7

Phenotypic plasticity

Answer 7

The ability of a single animal - with a fixed genotype to express two or more genetically controlled phenotypes

Question 8

Polyphonic Development

Answer 8

2 distinct phenotypes induced by differences in the environment

Question 9

Behavior Polyphenism

Answer 9

2 distinct behavioral phenotypes induced by the environment

Question 10

Epigenetics

Answer 10

Modification of gene expression with no change in DNA sequences

Question 11

Acetylation

Answer 11

Allows transcription of genes to occur

Question 12

Methylation

Answer 12

Prevents transcription of genes

Question 13

Acetylation example

Answer 13

How carpenter ants in Florida -¿

Question 14

Methylation example

Answer 14

Dutch hunger winter (increased methylation)

Question 15

Equilibrium

Answer 15

The state of minimum capacity to do work under locally prevailing conditions

Question 16

Diffusion

Answer 16

Passive solute transport

Question 17

Voltage gated ion channel

Answer 17

Open and close in response to changes in voltage

Question 18

Ligand gated channel

Answer 18

Acts as a receptor of extra cellular signaling molecules and as ion channels

Question 19

Involution

Answer 19

Process of tissue turning inward and then spreading over the internal surface

Question 20

Delamination

Answer 20

Sheets of cells may split into parallel layers

Question 21

Schizocoely

Answer 21

How the mesoderm splits to form 3 subregions

Question 22

Taurine

Answer 22

Essential amino acid in carnivores

Question 23

Amylase

Answer 23

One of the main enzymes in the salivary glands

Question 24

Chyme

Answer 24

Semi-liquid form of food

Question 25

Monogastric

Answer 25

Simple single stomach

Question 26

Ruminant

Answer 26

Animal with complex stomach with 4 chambers

Question 27

Pepsin

Answer 27

Protyoletic enzyme

Question 28

G-cells

Answer 28

Cells that secrete gastrin

Question 29

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 29

Structure that controls the flow of chyme to the intestines

Question 30

Peristaltic contractions

Answer 30

Muscle movement in stomach

Question 31

Neurohormonal control

Answer 31

Control of gastric motility

Question 32

Starches

Answer 32

Made of repeating glucose monosaccharides

Question 33

Abomasum

Answer 33

The cows true stomach

Question 34

Rumen

Answer 34

Where microorganisms ferment carbs

Question 35

Reticulum

Answer 35

Honeycomb stomach

Question 36

Omasum

Answer 36

Where water and salts are absorbed

Question 37

Eructation

Answer 37

Belching as secondary contraction

Question 38

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 38

Production of glucose from non carbohydrate sources

Question 39

Small intestine

Answer 39

Structure with increased area for absorption of by use of microvilli

Question 40

CCK

Answer 40

Used to inhibit gastric emptying

Question 41

Pancreas

Answer 41

Secretes bicarbonate and digestive enzymes

Question 42

Liver

Answer 42

Largest digestive gland in the body, that also secretes substances essential for digestion and absorption of nutrients

Question 43

Gallbladder

Answer 43

Concentrates and stores bile until needed

Question 44

Duodenum

Answer 44

Bike enters here to emulsify high fat and digest peptide concentrations

Question 45

Bilirubin

Answer 45

Formed from the breakdown of red blood cells

Question 46

Ketosis

Answer 46

When there’s not enough carbs to burn for energy