Vocabulary

Question 1

5.1 Vocab: Mechanical Weathering

Answer 1

physical forces break rock into small pieces without changing the rock’s mineral composition. (Pg. 126)

Question 2

5.1 Vocab: Frost Wedging

Answer 2

when water in rocks freezes and expands, it enlarges a crack in the rock. fter many freeze-thaw cycles, rock can break into pieces. Common in mountanious regions in the mieele latitudes, where daily freezing and thawing often occur. (Pg. 126)

Question 3

5.1 Vocab: Talus

Answer 3

pile of rocks that have wedged loose and tumble into piles, typically formed at the base of steep, rocky slopes. (Pg. 127)

Question 4

5.1 Vocab: Exfoliation

Answer 4

slabs of outer rock separate like the layers of an onion and break loose; especially common in rock masses made of granite. (Pg. 128)

Question 5

5.1 Vocab: Chemical Weathering

Answer 5

transformation of rock into one or more new compounds (Pg. 129)

Question 6

5.2 Vocab: Regolith

Answer 6

layer of rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering

Question 7

5.2 Vocab: Soil

Answer 7

part of regolith that supports the growth of plants

Question 8

5.2 Vocab: Soil Horizon

Answer 8

soil zones - divided by variations in composition, texture, structure, and color

Question 9

5.2 Vocab: Soil Profile

Answer 9

vertical section through all of the soil horizons

Question 10

5.2 Vocab: Pedalfer

Answer 10

soil type
* weather: temperate areas, receive more than 63 cm of precipitation each year
* region: much of the forested area of the eastern half of US
* contain: large amounts of iron oxide and aluminum-rich clays
* color: brown to re-brown color (Pg 139)

Question 11

5.2 Vocab: Pedocal

Answer 11

soil type
* weather: drier areas
* region: western US in areas with grasses and brush vegetation
* contain: large less clay, abundant calcite, or calcium carbonate
* color: light gray-brown (Pg. 139)

Question 12

5.2 Vocab: Laterite

Answer 12

soil type
* weather: hot, wet tropical areas
* region: temperate areas
* contain: less calcite and silica; more iron oxide and aluminum
* color: orange or red color (Pg 139)

Question 13

5.3 Vocab: Mass Movement

Answer 13

transfer of rock and soil downslope due to gravity (Pg. 143)

Question 14

5.3 Vocab: Rockfall

Answer 14

rocks or rock fragments fall freely through the air (Pg. 145)

Question 15

5.3 Vocab: Rockslide

Answer 15

slide (block of material moves suddenly along a flat, inclined surface) that includes segments of bedrock. (Pg. 145)

Question 16

5.3 Vocab: Slump

Answer 16

downward movement of a block of material along a curved surface (Pg. 146)

Question 17

5.3 Vocab: Mudflow

Answer 17

flows that move quickly (Pg. 146)

Question 18

5.3 Vocab: Earthflow

Answer 18

move relatively slowly from about a millimeter per day to several meters per day (Pg. 146)

Question 19

5.3 Vocab: Creep

Answer 19

slowest type of mass movement, usually travels only a few millimeters or centimeters per year.