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Physical Exam > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Allen test

A

A test for occlusion of the radial or ulnar artery, in which one of these arteries is compressed after blood has been forced out of the hand by clenching it into a fist; failure of the blood to diffuse into the hand when opened indicates that the artery not compressed is occluded.

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1
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

a condition in which an overactive thyroid gland produces an excessive amount of thyroid hormones.

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2
Q

microcephaly

A

abnormally small head

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2
Q

Argyll Robinson

A

Syphillis – accommodate but don’t react to light

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3
Q

zygomatic arch

A

The bony arch in vertebrates that extends along the side or front of the skull beneath the eye socket and that is formed by the zygomatic bone and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone.

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4
Q

cerumen

A

earwax, soft or hard

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4
Q

Leukoplakia

A

hite spots or patches on mucous membranes, especially of the mouth and vulva

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5
Q

claudication

A

cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation of the blood to the leg muscles

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6
Q

diastolic

A

Normal postsystolic dilation of the heart cavities, during which they fill with blood

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7
Q

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

A

The pattern of breathing with gradual increase in depth and sometimes in rate to a maximum, followed by a decrease resulting in apnea; the cycles ordinarily are 30 seconds to 2 minutes in duration, with 5–30 seconds of apnea

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7
Q

crepitus

A

a crackling chest sound

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7
Q

fibrosis

A

an abnormal condition in which fibrous connective tissue spreads over or replaces normal smooth muscle or other normal organ tissue

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7
Q

myopia

A

Nearsightedness

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8
Q

consolidation

A

A condition in which lung tissue becomes firm and solid rather than elastic and air-filled because it has accumulated fluids and tissue debris

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8
Q

Bullous Myringits

A

an inflammatory condition of the eardrum, characterized by painful fluid-filled vesicles on the tympanic membrane and the sudden onset of severe pain in the ear. The condition often occurs with bacterial otitis media. Treatment includes administration of antibiotics and analgesics and surgical draining of the vesicles

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9
Q

Cullen’s sign

A

An indication of intraperitoneal hemorrhage, especially in ruptured ectopic pregnancy, in which blood causes periumbilical darkening of the skin

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10
Q

Fordyce spots

A

are small, painless, raised, pale, red or white spots or bumps 1 to 3 mm in diameter that may appear on the scrotum, shaft of the penis or on the labia, as well as the inner surface (retromolar mucosa) and vermilion border of the lips of the face

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11
Q

pulsus bigeminus

A

a pulse in which the beats occur in pairs

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12
Q

Lingual papillae

A

small nipple or hair like structures on the dorsum of the tongue, giving it a rough texture. There are four types of lingual papillae in humans: circumvallate papillae (vallate papillae), fungiform papillae, filiform papillae and foliate papillae

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13
Q

dextrocardia

A

the location of the heart in the right hemithorax, either as a result of displacement by disease or as a congenital defect

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13
Q

dysmetria

A

An inability or impaired ability to accurately control the range of movement in muscular acts.

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13
Q

lipoma

A

a benign, soft, rubbery, encapsulated tumor of adipose tissue, usually composed of mature fat cells.

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13
Q

phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

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14
Q

plexus

A

branching network

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15
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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16
Q

scaphoid

A

boat-shaped, such as the scaphoid bone of the wrist

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17
Q

hyperventilation

A

increased breathing rate

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18
Q

thrush

A

candidiasis of the oral mucous membranes

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18
Q

vertex

A

highest point of the skull

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19
Q

choroid

A

a thin vascular layer between the sclera and the retina. The choroid supplies blood to the retina and conducts arteries and nerves to other structures in the eye

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19
Q

hyperopia

A

Farsightedness

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21
Q

aneurysm

A

a sac formed by localized dilatation of the wall of an artery, a vein, or the heart

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23
Q

apnea

A

Absence of breathing

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24
Q

systole

A

Contraction of the heart, especially of the ventricles, by which the blood is driven through the aorta and pulmonary artery

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25
Q

drusen

A

Tiny yellow or white deposits in the retina of the eye or on the optic nerve head, common early sign of macular degneration

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26
Q

pulse pressure

A

the variation in blood pressure occurring in an artery during the cardiac cycle; it is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures

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27
Q

visual fields

A

The area simultaneously visible to one eye without movement

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28
Q

hemoptysis

A

coughing up of blood or bloody sputum from the lungs or airway.

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29
Q

anisocoria

A

A condition in which the left and right pupils of the eyes are not of equal size

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30
Q

orthopnea

A

dyspnea that is relieved in the upright position

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31
Q

dwarf

A

An abnormally undersized person with disproportion among the body parts

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32
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

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32
Q

hyperpnea

A

Breathing that is deeper and more rapid than is normal at rest.

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33
Q

peristalsis

A

The wavelike muscular contractions of the intestine or other tubular structure that propel the contents onward by alternate contraction and relaxation.

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34
Q

dysphonia

A

Altered voice production

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35
Q

rubor

A

redness

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36
Q

empyema

A

Empyema is a condition in which pus and fluid from infected tissue collects in a body cavity

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37
Q

glaucoma

A

eye condition in which the fluid pressure inside the eye rises because of slowed fluid drainage from the eye

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38
Q

hematemesis

A

the vomiting of blood.

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39
Q

fovea

A

a tiny pit located in the macula of the retina that provides the clearest vision of all

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40
Q

Biot’s respirations

A

a type of respiration associated with spinal meningitis and other central nervous system disorders; respirations are faster and deeper than normal, interspersed with abrupt pauses in breathing

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41
Q

manubrium

A

The upper segment of the sternum with which the clavicle and the first two pairs of ribs articulate

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43
Q

Aphthous ulcer

A

A small sensitive painful ulcer crater in the lining of the mouth. Commonly called a canker sore

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44
Q

myxedema

A

A disease caused by decreased activity of the thyroid gland in adults and characterized by dry skin, swellings around the lips and nose, mental deterioration, and a subnormal basal metabolic rate.

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44
Q

Stenson’s ducts

A

duct of the parotid salivary gland - pathway of saliva from parotid gland to mouth

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46
Q

ballottement

A

a technique of palpating an organ or floating structure by bouncing it gently and feeling it rebound

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46
Q

sclera

A

The tough white outer coat over the eyeball that covers approximately the posterior five-sixths of its surface

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47
Q

striae

A

a band, line, streak, or stripe.

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48
Q

sternal angle

A

the angle between the sternum and manubrium

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48
Q

thrombosis

A

Formation of a clot in the blood that either blocks, or partially blocks a blood vessel

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49
Q

rhinorrhea

A

persistent watery mucus discharge from the nose

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50
Q

dolor

A

pain

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51
Q

Interdental papillae

A

gum tissue between the teeth

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52
Q

pterygium

A

a winglike structure, especially an abnormal triangular fold of membrane in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea

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53
Q

aphasia

A

Impaired or absent comprehension or production of, or communication by, speech, reading, writing, or signs, caused by an acquired lesion of the dominant cerebral hemisphere

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54
Q

turbinates

A

any of the nasal concha

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56
Q

emphysema

A

Emphysema is a chronic respiratory disease where there is over-inflation of the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs, causing a decrease in lung function, and often, breathlessness

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57
Q

strabismus

A

condition in which the eyes don’t look toward an object together

58
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a heart defect that occurs when the ductus arteriosus (the temporary fetal blood vessel that connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery) does not close at birth

59
Q

viscus

A

any large interior organ in any of the great body cavities, especially those in the abdomen

60
Q

dyspnea

A

labored or difficult breathing

62
Q

bronchophony

A

An exaggerated vocal resonance that can be heard over a bronchus that is surrounded by consolidated lung tissue

64
Q

glossitis

A

can mean soreness of the tongue, or more usually inflammation with depapillation of the dorsal surface of the tongue (loss of the lingual papillae), leaving a smooth and erythematous (reddened) surface,

65
Q

lacrimal punctum

A

minute circular opening of the lacrimal duct on the margin of each eyelid near the medial commissure. drains tears from the conjunctival sac into the lacrimal duct in the same eyelid. The tears then pass to the lacrimal sac and into the nasolacrimal duct

65
Q

tic

A

A habitual spasmodic muscular movement or contraction

66
Q

brawny edema

A

A change typical of chronic venous insufficiency, which is characterised by thickening, induration, liposclerosis and non-pitting oedema; the brawny color is due to hemosiderin from lysed RBCs

66
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Pneumothorax is a collection of air or gas in the chest or pleural space that causes part or all of a lung to collapse.

67
Q

tachycardia

A

Rapid beating of the heart, conventionally applied to rates over 100 beats per minute

69
Q

Homan’s sign

A

Pain in the calf when the ankle is slowly and gently dorsiflexed (with the knee bent), indicative of incipient or established thrombosis in the veins of the leg

70
Q

embolism

A

an obstruction in a blood vessel due to a blood clot or other foreign matter that gets stuck while traveling through the bloodstream

72
Q

Bell’s palsy

A

Paralysis of the nerve that supplies the facial muscles on one side of the face (the seventh cranial nerve, or facial nerve)

73
Q

Gingivitis

A

Inflammation of the gums, characterized by redness and swelling

74
Q

Cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips

75
Q

melena

A

The passage of black tarlike stools containing blood that has been acted on by the intestinal juices

77
Q

coarctation

A

narrowing

78
Q

Marcus Gunn

A

eyes react to light but don’t accommodate

79
Q

mydriasis

A

dilatation of the pupil

80
Q

goiter

A

A noncancerous enlargement of the thyroid gland, visible as a swelling at the front of the neck, that is often associated with iodine deficiency

81
Q

Caries

A

Dental cavities in the two outer layers of a tooth

81
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

82
Q

guarding

A

A spasm of muscles that minimizes the motion or agitation of sites that are affected by injury or disease.

83
Q

borborygmi

A

a rumbling noise caused by propulsion of gas through the intestines

84
Q

preload

A

the volume of blood in the ventricle at the end of diastole

85
Q

tinnitus

A

A sound in one ear or both ears, such as buzzing, ringing, or whistling, occurring without an external stimulus

86
Q

miosis

A

Contraction of the pupil

87
Q

venous hum

A

a continuous blowing, singing, or humming murmur heard on auscultation over the right jugular vein in the sitting or erect position

88
Q

Kussmaul respiration

A

Deep, rapid respiration characteristic of diabetic acidosis or other conditions causing acidosis

89
Q

hematuria

A

blood (erythrocytes) in the urine

89
Q

pericardial friction rub

A

the rubbing together of inflamed membranes of the pericardium, as may occur in pericarditis or after a myocardial infarction

91
Q

atrioventricular node

A

a collection of Purkinje fibers beneath the endocardium of the right atrium, continuous with the atrial muscle fibers and atrioventricular bundle; it receives the cardiac impulses from the sinoatrial node and passes them on to the ventricles

92
Q

hematochezia

A

the passage of red blood through the rectum

94
Q

edema

A

At the gross level, used to describe the physical sign commonly likened to swelling or increased girth that often accompanies the accumulation of fluid in a body part, most often a limb

95
Q

costal

A

Relating to a rib

97
Q

Amaurosis fugax

A

A symptom described as a shade coming down over the eye. A partial or complete loss of sight that is temporary

98
Q

amblyopia

A

Partial or complete loss of vision in one eye caused by conditions that affect the normal development of vision

98
Q

rigors

A

rigidity

99
Q

hypothyroidism

A

Insufficient production of thyroid hormones - may lead to myxedema

100
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

A

respiratory distress that awakens patients from sleep, related to posture (especially reclining at night), attributed to congestive heart failure with pulmonary edema or sometimes to chronic pulmonary disease

101
Q

calor

A

heat

102
Q

arterial insufficiency

A

inadequate blood flow in arteries

103
Q

lymphedema

A

chronic swelling of a part due to accumulation of interstitial fluid (non-pitting edema) secondary to obstruction of lymphatic vessels or lymph nodes

104
Q

antecubital

A

Anterior to the elbow

105
Q

dysarthria

A

A disturbance of speech due to emotional stress, to brain injury, or to paralysis, incoordination, or spasticity of the muscles used for speaking

105
Q

pulsus bisferiens

A

an arterial pulse with two strong peaks

106
Q

CN III palsy

A

Lid lag and large pupil

108
Q

macrocephaly

A

An abnormally large head

109
Q

Valsalva maneuver

A

The Valsalva maneuver is performed by attempting to forcibly exhale while keeping the mouth and nose closed. It is used as a diagnostic tool to evaluate the condition of the heart and is sometimes done as a treatment to correct abnormal heart rhythms or relieve chest pain

110
Q

naris

A

external opening into the nasal cavity; singular for nares

111
Q

pulsus paradoxus

A

an exaggeration of the normal variation in the systemic arterial pulse volume with respiration, becoming weaker with inspiration and stronger with expiration; characteristic of cardiac tamponade

112
Q

colic

A

persistent, unexplained crying in a healthy baby between two weeks and five months of age

112
Q

Prognathism

A

large protruding jaw

114
Q

jugular venous pressure

A

blood pressure in the jugular vein, which reflects the volume and pressure of venous blood.

115
Q

bradypnea

A

Abnormal slowness of respiration

116
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

the inflammation of a vein with blood clot formation inside the vein at the site of the inflammation

118
Q

photophobia

A

An abnormal sensitivity to or intolerance of light

119
Q

pleura

A

The thin serous membrane that envelops each lung and folds back to make a lining for the chest cavity.

120
Q

tachypnea

A

Rapid breathing

122
Q

Koplik’s spots

A

spots pathognomonic for measles (morbilli), occurring before the skin eruption and seen on the buccal mucous membrane. In strong light, they appear as small red dots with a central bluish-white speck

123
Q

presbyopia

A

The loss of the eye’s ability to change focus to see near objects

124
Q

fremitus

A

a vibration felt on palpation

125
Q

Nares

A

nostrils

125
Q

papilledema

A

Swelling of the head of the optic nerve, a sign of increased intracranial pressure. The optic nerve head, also called the optic disk or papilla, is the area where the optic nerve enters the eyeball

126
Q

buccal

A

Of or relating to the cheeks or the mouth cavity

128
Q

pinnae

A

The outer projecting portion of the ear.

130
Q

afferent pupillary defects

A

an eye condition where one eye is less sensitive to light, and will not contract as sharply in response to light as the unaffected eye. This can be a sign of optic nerve damage, tumor, glaucoma, and a number of other eye issues. A doctor can identify an afferent pupillary defect with the swinging light test, where she moves a light rapidly back and forth between the eyes to monitor the pupillary response

132
Q

macroglossia

A

large tongue

133
Q

gangrene

A

the decay or death of an organ or tissue caused by a lack of blood supply

134
Q

Eustachian tube

A

A slender tube that connects the tympanic cavity with the nasal part of the pharynx and serves to equalize air pressure on either side of the eardrum.

135
Q

bruit

A

An abnormal sound heard in auscultation

136
Q

stomatitis

A

Inflammation of the mucous tissue of the mouth

137
Q

sphygmomanometer

A

An instrument for measuring blood pressure in the arteries, especially one consisting of a pressure gauge and a rubber cuff that wraps around the upper arm and inflates to constrict the arteries

138
Q

torticollis

A

A contracted state of the neck muscles

139
Q

costochondral

A

pertaining to a rib and its cartilage

140
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

a form of low blood pressure that occurs in a standing posture

141
Q

hypothermia

A

A body temperature significantly less than 98.6°F (37°C)

142
Q

nicking

A

A localized constriction in blood vessels of the retina of the eye

143
Q

vermilion border

A

the normally sharp demarcation between the lip (red colored) and the adjacent normal skin

145
Q

diopter

A

unit of measurement of the optical power

146
Q

flatus

A

gas or air in the gastrointestinal tract

148
Q

afterload

A

the load, or resistance, against which the left ventricle must eject its volume of blood during contraction. The resistance is produced by the volume of blood already in the vascular system and by the constriction of the vessel walls

149
Q

sinus node

A

the mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that normally acts as the “pacemaker” of the cardiac conduction system

151
Q

lingual frenulum

A

the vertical fold of mucous membrane under the tongue, attaching it to the floor of the mouth.

152
Q

stenosis

A

an abnormal narrowing or contraction of a duct or canal

153
Q

stroke volume

A

the volume of blood ejected from a ventricle at each beat of the heart, equal to the difference between the end-diastolic volume and the end-systolic volume

154
Q

McBurney’s point

A

A point above the anterior superior spine of the ilium, located on a straight line joining that process and the umbilicus, where pressure of the finger elicits tenderness in acute appendicitis

155
Q

cachectic

A

A general weight loss and wasting occurring in the course of a chronic disease or emotional disturbance.

156
Q

pulsus alternans

A

a pulse regular in time but with alternate beats stronger and weaker, often detectable only with the sphygmomanometer or other pressure measurement and usually indicating serious myocardial disease.

157
Q

aqueous humor

A

the fluid normally present in the front and rear chambers of the eye. It is a clear, watery fluid that flows between and nourishes the lens and the cornea; it is secreted by the ciliary processes.

158
Q

Dichromacy

A

term for red and green color blindess, more common in males

160
Q

ptosis

A

A drooping or sagging of the eyelid

161
Q

malocclusion

A

malignment of the teeth

162
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

163
Q

bradycardia

A

Slowness of the heartbeat, usually defined (by convention) as a rate under 60 beats/minute

164
Q

retina

A

the innermost tunic of the eyeball, containing the neural elements for reception and transmission of visual stimuli

165
Q

bronchitis

A

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the air passages between the nose and the lungs, including the windpipe or trachea and the larger air tubes of the lung that bring air in from the trachea

166
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

167
Q

Wharton’s ducts

A

the duct that drains the submandibular gland and opens at the sublingual caruncle

168
Q

thrill

A

a vibration felt by the examiner on palpation

169
Q

palpitations

A

Forcible or irregular pulsation of the heart, perceptible to the patient

Physical Exam (2 decks)

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