Vocabulary Flashcards
anaphylaxis
a severe, whole-body allergic reaction
collagen fibril
a thin filamentous extracellular molecule made up of tropocollagen
collagen fiber
a large filamentous structure made up of collagen fibrils
core protein
the central protein component of proteoglycans
extracellular matrix
composed of ground substance and fibrous proteins
fibrillin
component of elastin molecules (defective/deficient in Marfan syndrome)
fibroblast
cell that secretes and maintains components of the ECM
ground substance
composed of proteoglycans, water, and glycoproteins
glycoprotein
proteins with various binding domains that hold connective tissues together
glycosaminoglycan (GAG)
long, unbranched chains of repeating disaccharides with alternating amino sugars and acidic sugars
hyaluronan
proteoglycan that is present in all connective tissues
macrophage
phagocytic cell that is derived from monocytes
mast cell
detects entry of foreign substances in the body and elicits a local inflammatory response
mesentery
gross anatomical structure made of CT that supports the loops of the intestines
multilocular
describes the arrangement/compartmentalization of multiple lipid droplets in brown fat
opsonization
coating of antigens by complement and immunoglobulins
proteoglycan
GAGs bound to core proteins
reticular fiber
collagen III
unilocular
describes the arrangement/compartmentalization of a single lipid droplet in white fat
anastomosis
cross-connection between blood vessels
angiogenesis
development of a new blood vessel from an existing vessel
artery
blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart that always has a tunica media
muscular artery
artery that contains 5 or more smooth muscle cell layers in the tunica media and typically has both an internal and an external elastic membrane
elastic artery
artery in which the predominant feature of the tunica media is elastic membranes
arteriole
blood vessel that contains <5 smooth muscle cell layers in its tunica media
atherosclerosis
disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls
capillary
smallest diameter blood vessel that has several different functional types
continuous capillary
have tight junctions that restrict flow through the paracellular pathway, so exchange of nutrients and wastes occur by transcytosis
fenestrated capillary
have perforations where the basal and luminal cell membranes join that facilitate the diffusion of nutrients, wastes, and other substances such as hormones
discontinuous capillary/sinusoid
have gaps in the endothelial wall and basal laminae. sinusoids have wider diameters to slow the blood, e.g. in liver and spleen
lacteal
lymphatic capillary found in center of intestinal villi
lymphatic capillary
discontinuous capillary that carries lymph rather than blood
diaphragm
protein structure that can be opened and closed to regulate the passage of substances through the perforations of a fenestrated capillary
hypertension
increased blood pressure caused by increased blood volume and long term vascular smooth muscle contraction
tunica adventitia
outermost layer of a blood vessel that contains connective tissue
tunica intima
innermost layer of a blood vessel that is endothelium and its underlying CT
tunica media
central smooth muscle layer of a blood vessel
valve
structure that regulates blood flow in veins and lymphatic vessels
vasa vasorum
blood vessels in the tunica externa that supply the media of large blood vessels
vein
large blood vessel that returns blood to the heart
venule
small blood vessel, larger than a capillary, that has no tunica adventitia
active immunity
antigen stimulus to the immune system that creates AMI or CMI
agranulocytes
monocytes and lymphocytes
antibody mediated immunity (AMI)
B cell response involving antibody production
antigen
a foreign substance such as a bacterium or virus
basophils
circulating granulocyte that is similar to mast cells
bulk antigen
foreign material in the blood or lymph that is consumed by macrophages
cell mediated immunity (CMI)
cellular response involving cytotoxic T cells
closed circulation
retention of RBCs within an endothelial lined vessel in the spleen
cortex
description of the outer functional layer of organs, e.g. thymus and lymph node
diapedesis
migration of lymphocytes across an endothelial barrier
eosinophils
granulocytes that modify allergic reactions and kill parasites
epithelial reticular cells
supportive and educating cells in the thymus
germinal center
site of B cell enlargement and division in AMI
granulocytes
neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
high endothelial venule
site in lymph nodules of exit of lymphocytes from the blood
lymph node
filter for the lymph
B lymphocyte
immune cell that produces antibody upon stimulation
Helper T lymphocyte
immune cell that aids in both AMI and CMI
Cytotoxic T lymphocyte
the effector cell of CMI
Marginal sinus/zone
zone of antigen presentation in the spleen
medulla
description of the inner functional layer of organs, e.g. thymus or lymph node
medullary cord
an extension of the cortical region of the lymph nodes
memory cell
a cell exposed to a specific antigen that circulates as a small lymphocyte
monocytes
cells that can form macrophages, chondroclasts, or osteoclasts
neutrophils
a phagocytic WBC that has a segmented nucleus
open circulation
region of the spleen where RBCs can enter the red pulp
PALS
region of T cells in the white pulp of the spleen
passive immunity
transfer of AMI or CMI by transfusion
plasma cell
main antibody producing cell in AMI
platelet
cell fragment of megakaryocytes that is involved in blood clotting
primary lymphoid organ
bone marrow or thymus
red pulp
area of blood filtration in the spleen
secondary lymphoid organ
spleen, lymph nodes, gut associated lymphoid tissue
spleen
a filter for the blood
white pulp
region of immune response within the spleen
