Vocabulary

Question 1

arteriole

Answer 1

small artery

Question 2

calciferol

Answer 2

active form of vitamin D

secreted by the kidney

Question 3

calyx

Answer 3

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

Question 4

catheter

Answer 4

tube for injecting or removing fluids

Question 5

cortex

Answer 5

outer region of an organ

Question 6

renal cortex

Answer 6

outer region of the kidney

Question 7

cortical

Answer 7

pertaining to the cortex

Question 8

creatinine

Answer 8

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

product of muscle metabolism

Question 9

creatinine clearance

Answer 9

measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood

Question 10

electrolyte

Answer 10

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water

necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves

the kidneys maintain the proper balance of electrolytes and water in the blood

ex: K+, Na+

Question 11

erythropoietin (EPO)

Answer 11

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate production of red blood cells by the bone marrow

production of RBCs in blood marrow subsequently increases the amount of oxygen delivered to the muscles

Question 12

filtration

Answer 12

process by which some substances, but not all, pass through a filter

Question 13

glomerular capsule
Bowman capsule

Answer 13

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus

collects filtered material from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus

Question 14

glomerulus

Answer 14

tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney

Question 15

hilium

Answer 15

depression of the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

Question 16

kidney

Answer 16

one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the spine in the lumbar region

filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine

Question 17

meatus

Answer 17

opening or canal

Question 18

medulla

Answer 18

inner region of an organ

Question 19

renal medulla

Answer 19

inner region of the kidney

Question 20

medullary

Answer 20

pertaining to the medulla

Question 21

nephron

Answer 21

functional unit of the kidney

combination of the glomerulus and renal tubule

where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney

each nephron is capable of forming urine by itself

there are ~1 million nephrons in a kidney

Question 22

nitrogenous waste

Answer 22

substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine

ex: urea, uric acid, creatinine

Question 23

potassium (K+)

Answer 23

electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood

Question 24

reabsorption

Answer 24

process in which renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream

Question 25

renal artery

Answer 25

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

Question 26

renal pelvis

Answer 26

central collecting region in the kidney

Question 27

renal tubule

Answer 27

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

Question 28

renal vein

Answer 28

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

Question 29

renin

Answer 29

enzyme secreted by the kidney raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction

Question 30

sodium (Na+)

Answer 30

electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys necessary for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions

Question 31

trigone

Answer 31

triangular area in the urinary bladder

Question 32

urea

Answer 32

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Question 33

ureter

Answer 33

one of two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 34

urethra

Answer 34

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 35

uric acid

Answer 35

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

Question 36

urinary bladder

Answer 36

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

Question 37

urination voiding micturation

Answer 37

process of expelling urine

Question 38

cystostomy

Answer 38

an opening is made into the urinary bladder from the outside of the body and a catheter is placed into the bladder for drainage

Question 39

nephroptosis

Answer 39

downward displacement or drooping of a kidney when its an atomic supports are weakened

Question 40

nephropexy

Answer 40

an operation to put a “floating” kidney in place

Question 41

nephrolithotomy

Answer 41

percutaneous incision into the kidney to remove a stone

Question 42

hydronephrosis

Answer 42

buildup of excess fluid in the kidney because of an obstruction obstruction may be caused by renal calculi, compression of the ureter by a tumor, or hyperplasia of the prostate gland at the base of the bladder

Question 43

nephronostomy

Answer 43

surgical opening to the outside of the body from the renal pelvis necessary when a ureter becomes obstructed and the obstruction can’t be removed easily

Question 44

pyelolithotomy

Answer 44

removal of a large stone contributing to blockage of urine flow and development of infection renal pelvis is surgically opened

Question 45

colic

Answer 45

intermittent spasms of pain caused by inflammation and distention of an organ

Question 46

renal colic

Answer 46

intermittent spasms of pain caused by calculi in the kidney or ureter