Vocabulary

Question 1

Statements

Answer 1

Something that can be true or false.

Question 2

Claim

Answer 2

Something that can be true or false.

Question 3

Questions

Answer 3

The answer to a question can be a statement. Questions aren’t statements, neither are proposals, commands, imperatives, and exclamations.

Question 4

Argument

Answer 4

Conclusions supported by one or more reasons, all of which are statements. Arguments have one or more premises.

Question 5

Premises

Answer 5

Intended conclusion, it’s the supporting reasons. The larger sentence is used to make a statement about the question.

Question 6

Basic premise

Answer 6

When the premises always support the conclusion.

Question 7

Conclusion

Answer 7

Is what’s being argued for.

Question 8

Issue

Answer 8

Uncertainty to accept or reject a claim about what or what not to do. The present (present word) messes up the uncertainty and is one sided.
Wether- indicator word
A question is also an indicator.

Question 9

Proof

Answer 9

Convincing argument, and argument that does convince them. There’s a difference between what should convince an audience and what does. Such as emotions and incorrect appeals to authority.

Question 10

Sub-argument

Answer 10

Arguments have sub arguments within them. The conclusion of the sub argument is used to prove the overall conclusion.

Question 11

Premise Indicator Words

Answer 11

since
because
for the reason that assuming
suppose
as indicated by
is implied by
given that
in view of the fact that for
granted that
one cannot doubt that

Question 12

Conclusion Indicator Words

Answer 12

therefore consequently thus
this means so
it follows that shows that
implies that
proves that
leads me to believe that hence
in conclusion
for this reason accordingly
the moral is
means that
we can infer that
as a result
can only be true if

Question 13

Non Indicator words by themselves

Answer 13

if
on the contrary
yet
and
nevertheless
also

Question 14

Discount Indicators

Answer 14

Signals that aren’t sure of the premise or argument (polite and modest). Also send a signal that another claim should be deemphasized or discounted (it’ll work against you). Discount indicators don’t persuade logically but it does persuade psychological.
Ex
I realize
In spite of the fact
While it may be true

Question 15

Validity

Answer 15

Is a property of an argument. Arguments cant be true or false but they can be valid or invalid.