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Abdominal Pain > Vocabulary > Flashcards

Vocabulary Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Abdomen

A

Sudden onset of abdominal pain, usually indicating peritonitis; demanding immediate medical or surgical intervention

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2
Q

Acute Gastroenteritis

A

A family of conditions that revolve around a central theme of infection with fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting

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3
Q

Anal Fissures

A

Linear tears to the mucosal lining in and near the anus, possibly caused by the passage of large, hard stools; a cause of lower gastrointestinal bleeding

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4
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

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5
Q

Ascites

A

Abdominal edema typically signaling liver failure

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6
Q

Biliary Tract Disorders

A

A group of disorders that involve inflammation of the gallbladder; these include cholangitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, and acalculous cholecystitis

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7
Q

Boerhaave Syndrome

A

Forceful vomiting that results in a tear in the esophagus that extends entirely through the esophageal wall, creating a hole

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8
Q

Borborygmi

A

A bowel sound characterized by increased activity within the bowel; also caused hyperperistalsis

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9
Q

Cholangitis

A

Inflammation of the bile duct

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10
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

The presence of stones within the gallbladder

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11
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder

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12
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Early failure of the liver, characterized by portal hypertension, coagulation deficiencies, and diminished detoxification

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13
Q

Crohn Disease

A

Inflammation of the ileum and possibly other portions of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the immune system attacks portions of the intestinal walls, causing them to become scarred, narrowed, stiff, and weakened

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14
Q

Diarrhea

A

Liquid stool

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15
Q

Digestion

A

The mechanical and chemical breakdown of the large molecules in food into small molecules that can be absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract and converted to energy for cellular function

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16
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of pouches in the colon; the pouches form as a result of difficulty moving feces through the colon. Bacteria can become trapped in the pouches, leading to inflammation and infection

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17
Q

Diverticulum

A

A weak area in the colon that begins to have small outcroppings that turn into pouches; plural is diverticula

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18
Q

Endoscopy

A

Insertion of a flexible fiberoptic tube into the esophagus to visualize, remove, or repair damaged or diseased tissue

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19
Q

Epigastric

A

The region of the abdomen directly inferior to the xiphoid process and superior to the umbilicus

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20
Q

Esophagitis

A

Inflammation of the esophagus

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21
Q

Esophagogastric Varices

A

Dilated blood vessels of the esophagus, commonly caused by difficulty in blood flow through the liver, the presence of these can lead to vessel rupture

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22
Q

Feculent

A

Smelling of feces

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23
Q

Fistula

A

An abnormal connection between two cavities

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24
Q

Gastritis

A

A preulcerative state where the stomach is inflamed, but erosions have not yet occured

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25
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
A condition in which the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allowing stomach acid to moved superiorly; can cause a burning sensation within the chest; also called reflux disease
26
Hematochezia
The passage of stool in which bright red blood can be distinguished; caused by lower gastrointestinal bleeding
27
Hepatic Encephalopathy
Impairment of brain function resulting from failure of the liver
28
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, usually caused by a virus that causes fever, loss of appetite, jaundice, fatigue, and altered liver function
29
Hernia
The protrusion of a loop of an organ or tissue through an abnormal body opening
30
Hiatal Hernia
A protrusion of a portion of the stomach through the diaphragm
31
Hypoperistalsis
Decreased activity in the bowel
32
Hyperperistalsis
Increased activity in the bowel
33
Icteric
Yellowish coloration of the conjunctiva caused by the buildup of bilirubin in the blood during liver failure
34
Incarcerated
A type of hernia in which an organ is trapped in the new location; most commonly obstructs the bowel
35
Incisional
A type of hernia in which intestinal contents herniate through an incision
36
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Chronic inflammation of all or part of the gastrointestinal tract
37
Intussusception
Telescoping of the intestines into themselves
38
Irritable Bowel Syndrome
A condition in which patients have abdominal pain and changes in their bowel habits; generally the pain and accompanying changes in bowel habits must be present for at least three days a month for at least three months to be considered this disease
39
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
The sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach; controls the amount of food that moves up the esophagus; also called the cardiac sphincter
40
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
A condition in which the junction between the esophagus and the stomach tears; causing severe bleeding and potentially death
41
Mesenteric Ischemia
An interruption of the blood supply to the mesentery
42
Neoplasm
A mass of tissue produced by abnormal cell growth and division that my be malignant or benign
43
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of the pancreas
44
Parietal Pain
Pain caused by inflammation of the parietal peritoneum that is generally described as steady, aching, and aggravated by movement
45
Peptic Ulcer Disease
A disease in which the mucus lining of the stomach and duodenum have been eroded, allowing the acid to eat into these organs
46
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the peritoneum
47
Portal Hypertension
Increased pressure in the portal veins; caused by the inability of blood to flow normally through the liver; can lead to rupture of these vessels
48
Pruritus
Itching
49
Rebound Tenderness
Pain that the patient feels when pressure is released as opposed to when pressure is applied; characteristic of appendicitis
50
Rectal Abscess
An infection involving a collection of pus in the rectal walls that results from blockage of the rectal mucous ducts
51
Reducible
A type of hernia that will return to its normal location either spontaneously or by manual manipulation
52
Scaphoid
A concave shape of the abdomen; can be caused by evisceration
53
Septicemia
A generalized infection of the bloodstream
54
Strangulated
A type of hernia that causes complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as a result of compression or entrapment; an emergency situation causing death of tissue
55
Striae
Vertical stretch marks that occur when a person loses or gains weight rapidly
56
Stricture
An abnormal narrowing of a structure; also caused stenosis
57
Tracheoesophageal Fistula
A connection between the esophagus and the trachea
58
Tympanic
A loud, high-pitched sound, similar to the sound of a drum, heard on percussion of a hollow space
59
Ulcerative Colitis
Generalized inflammation of the colon that results in a weakened, dilated rectum, making it prone to infection and bleeding
60
Umbilical
The region of the abdomen surrounding the umbilicus
61
Urticaria
An itching rash
62
Volvulus
Twisting of the bowel until a kink occurs; results in blocked flow

Abdominal Pain (2 decks)

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