Vocabulary Flashcards
A drug that activates a receptor by binding to it and produces that same effect the endogenous ligand would.
Agonist
A drug that binds w/o activating the receptor and blocks the agonists/endogenous ligand.
Antagonist
An antagonist concentration is increased that progressively inhibits the response to the agonist.
Competitive Antagonism
You have administered an antagonist and are trying to overcome it with an agonist but you cannot completely overcome the antagonistic effects. What is this called?
Non-competitive Antagonism
This type of drug binds to the agonist site (orthosteric site) and activates the receptor but not completely. Also, when you gave an agonist, it’s effects were not seen.
Partial Agonist
Can act as an antagonist in combination with an agonist bc it blocks its orthosteric site.
This type of drug binds to the orthosteric site/competes with an agonist but produces the opposite effect of the agonist and also turns off the receptors constitutive activity.
Inverse Agonist
A decreased response to the same drug dose.
Tolerance or Tachyphylaxis
Your body’s effect on the drug, ADME.
Pharmacokinetics
This is a hypothetical volume into which a drug initially distributes upon administration of and can be thought of as the blood in vessels and tissues which are highly perfused with blood.
Central Volume
A group of organs that make up the bulk of arterial blood flow (heart, brain, kidneys, liver)
Vessel-rich group
A type of process that happens at a set/constant rate. (Rate is constant) (i.e. consumption of O2 and production of CO2)
Zero-order process
A type of process that happens at a rate that is proportional to the amount where clearance is constant.
First-order process
The time is takes for a drug concentration to decrease by 50% via body elimination.
Dose-dependent, organ function dependent.
Half-life
The time for the plasma concentration to decrease by 50% from an infusion that maintains a constant concentration.
(This is important to consider in ICU/long cases with long infusions and hangovers.)
It requires a longer amount of time to metabolize the drug because only half % of the drug is eliminated at specific time intervals.
Context-sensitive Half-Time
NOT dose-dependent; Based on the drugs Vd (volume of distribution)/ receptors uptake of medication out of the plasma
NOT based on organ function but on chemical properties
Time for plasma concentration to fall 50%
Half-time
Your body’s ability to eliminate a drug based off its concentration and time.
Clearance
The quantitative study of your body’s response to a drug.
(what a drug does to the body)
Pharmacodynamics
The study of how molecules are structured in 3D.
Stereochemistry
A subset of stereochemistry; term used to designate a molecule that has a center of 3D asymmetry.
Chirality
A pair of chemically identical molecules existing in two forms that are mirror images of one another but CANNOT be superimposed.
Enantiomerism
Two enantiomers that are present in equal proportions (50:50) and do NOT rotate polarized light bc the optical activity of each is canceled by the other.
Racemic mixtures
A study in pharmacology that reveals itself by altered responses to drugs due to genetically determined disease states.
Pharmacogenetics
Temporary loss of recall
Amnesia
Converting short-term memory into long-term memory; conscious memory
Recall
What are the 3 depths of sedation?
- Minimal sedation - anxiolytics
- Moderate - analgesia/conscious sedation
- Deep
The rapid induced state of drug-induced anesthesia is called?
General Anesthesia
The inability to feel pain is called?
Analgesia
A feather brushes against the bottom of your foot and you feel excruciating pain. What is the term used to describe this response to a typical non-painful stimuli?
Allodynia
You experience a pain level of 10 (on a 0-10 scale) from the pulse-ox sticker being placed and wrapped on your finger. You are told you have increased sensitization of your peripheral and central pain signaling pathway. What is this increased sensitivity to pain called?
Hyperalgesia
Increased responsiveness of peripheral neurons responsible for pain transmission to heat, cold, mechanical and chemical stimuli is called?
Sensitization.
Usually a cause of increased release of inflammatory mediators and adaptation of signaling pathways in primary sensory neurons induced by noxious stimuli.
Your diabetic patient complains of pain in her foot but when you look, there is nothing there but a small scar from an old, healed tissue injury.
What type of pain is this?
Neuropathic pain.
You notice that you are having very localized, burning pain in your deltoid muscle. What type of pain can this be described as?
Somatic pain
The next day, you notice you are now having a very deep pain somewhere in your trunk that is hard to localize. You are also very irritable today and your pulse is increased from your normal. What type of pain can this be described as?
Visceral pain
Pain from nerve irritation or damage is called?
Neuralgia
This term can also be described as tolerance.
Tachyphylaxis
You give a combination of two drugs to produce summative effects.
Additive
Two drugs that have a greater than summative effect.
Synergistic
You give fentanyl and the patient reports pain relief. This shows the drug’s ________.
Efficacy - ability to produce desired effect.
The relationship of drug dose vs the effect.
Potency
What is ED50?
Median effective dose - the dose required to produce desired effect in 50% of patients.
This refers to the dose required to produce death in 50% of patients.
LD50 - median lethal dose
This refers to the safety profile of drugs and can be calculated by dividing LD50 by ED50.
(The larger this is, the safer the drug)
Therapeutic Index (TI)
Pain that lasts a short-term (days to weeks).
Acute pain
In your patient history, Mr. Castillo reports lumbar surgery 1.5 years ago and pain for over a year in his lower back. This type of pain is called what?
Chronic pain
