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EXAM 9 MED SURG > VOCABULARY > Flashcards

VOCABULARY Flashcards

1
Q

akinetic mutism

A

unresponsiveness to the environment; the pt makes no movement or sound but sometimes opens the eyes

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2
Q

altered level of consciousness (ALOC)

A

when a pt is not oriented, does not follow commands, or needs persistent stimuli to achieve a state of alertness

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3
Q

brain death

A

irreversible loss of all functions of the entire brain, incl the brain stem

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4
Q

coma

A

prolonged state of unconsciousness

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5
Q

craniectomy

A

a surgical procedure that involves removal of a portion of the skull

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6
Q

craniotomy

A

a surgical procedure that involves entry into the cranial vault

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7
Q

Cushing’s response

A

the brain’s attempt to restore blood flow by increasing arterial pressure to overcome the IICP (synonym: cushing’s reflex)

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8
Q

decerebration

A

an abnormal body posture associated w/ severe brain injury characterized by extreme extension of the upper and lower extremities

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9
Q

decortication

A

an abnormal posture associated w/ severe brain injury charachterized by abnormal flexion of the upper extremities and extension of the lower extremities

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10
Q

delirium

A

an acute confused state that begins w/ disorientation and if not recognized and treated early can progress to changes in LOC, irreversible brain damage, and sometimes death

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11
Q

dementia

A

broad term for a syndrome characterized by a general decline in higher brain functioning such as reasoning, w / a pattern of eventual decline in the ability to perform even basic activities of daily living such as toileting and eating

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12
Q

epilepsy

A

at least 2 unprovoked seizures occuring more than 24 hrs apart

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13
Q

herniation

A

abnormal protrusion of tissue through a defect or natural opening

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14
Q

ICP - intrancranial pressure

A

pressure exerted by the volume of the intracranial contents w/in the cranial vault

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15
Q

locked in syndrome

A

condition resulting from a lesion in the pons in which the pt lacks all distal motor activity (paralysis) but cognition is intact

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16
Q

migraine

A

severe, unrelenting HA often accompanied by s/s such as nausea, vomiting, and visual disturbances

17
Q

minimally conscious state

A

a state in which the pt demonstrates awareness but cannot communicate thoughts or feelings

18
Q

Monro-Kellie hypothesis

A

theory that states due to limited space for expansion w/in the skull, an increase in any one of the cranial contents (BRAIN TISSUE, BLOOD, CSF) causes a change in the volume of the others

19
Q

persistent vegetative state

A

condition in which the pt is wakeful but devoid of conscious content, w/out cognitive or affective mental function

20
Q

primary headache

A

a HA for which no specific organic cause can be found

21
Q

pseudobulbar affect

A

emotional disturbance characterized by uncontrollable episodes of crying or laughing or other emotional displays

22
Q

secondary headache

A

HA identified as a symptom of another organic disease (eg: brain, tumor, hypertension)

23
Q

seizures

A

paroxysmal transient disturbance of the brain resulting from a discharge of abnormal electrical activity

24
Q

status epilepticus

A

episode in which the pt experiences multiple seizures w/ no recovery time in between

25
Q

Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy (SUDEP)

A

nontraumatic, nondrowning unexpected death of pt w/ epilepsy

26
Q

transsphenoidal

A

surgical approach to the pituitary via the sphenoid sinuses

27
Q

agnosia

A

loss of ability to recognize objects through a particular sensory system; may be visual, auditory, or tactile

28
Q

aneurysm

A

a weakening or bulge in an arterial wall

29
Q

aphasia

A

inability to express oneself or to understand language

30
Q

apraxia

A

inability to perform previously learned purposeful motor acts on a voluntary basis

31
Q

dysarthria

A

defects of articulation due to neurologic causes

32
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

33
Q

expressive aphasia

A

inability to express oneself; often associated w/ damage to the left frontal lobe area

34
Q

hemianopsia

A

blindness of half of the field of vision in one or both eyes

35
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness of one side of the body , or part of it, due to an injury in the motor area of the brain

36
Q

hemiplegia

A

paralysis of one side of the body, or part of it, due to an injury in the motor area of the brain

37
Q

infarction

A

tissue necrosis in an area deprived of blood supply

38
Q

pneumbra region

A

area of low cerebral blood flow

EXAM 9 MED SURG (6 decks)

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